1 May to 31 July 1801

Volume Details

Description

In Volume 34, covering May through July 1801, the story of Thomas Jefferson's first presidential administration continues to unfold. He quickly begins to implement his objectives of economy and efficiency in government. Requesting the chief clerk of the War Department to prepare a list of commissioned army officers, Jefferson has his secretary Meriwether Lewis label the names on the list with such descriptors as "Republican" or "Opposed to the Administration, otherwise respectable officers." The president calls his moves toward a reduction in the army a "chaste reformation." Samuel Smith, interim head of the Navy Department, in accordance with the Peace Establishment Act, arranges for the sale of surplus warships. Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin gathers figures on revenues and expenses and suggests improvements in methods of collecting taxes. Jefferson delivers an eloquent statement on his policy of removals from office to the merchants of New Haven, who objected to his dismissal of the collector of the port of New Haven. He makes clear that while his inaugural address declared tolerance and respect for the minority, it did not mean that no offices would change hands. On the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Fourth of July, Jefferson entertains around one hundred citizens, including a delegation of five Cherokee chiefs. And on 30 July, Jefferson leaves the Federal City for two months at Monticello.

Table of Contents

CONTENTS

FOREWORD	vii
EDITORIAL METHOD AND APPARATUS	xiii
ILLUSTRATIONS	xli
JEFFERSON CHRONOLOGY	2


1801

From Abraham Baldwin, 1 May	3
To Samuel Carr, 1 May	4
From James Linn, 1 May	5
Notes on John Hunter’s Recommendations, [ca. 1 May]	6
From Newbury Township Inhabitants, [before 2 May]	7
To the Aliens of Beaver County, Pennsylvania, 2 May	8
From [Thomas Dill], 2 May	9
From Charles Wyndham Grymes, 2 May	11
From Robert R. Livingston, 2 May	12
From Samuel A. Otis, 2 May	13
From Ephraim Ramsay, 2 May	14
From Amos Windship, 2 May	15
To Gideon Granger, enclosing To Suffield Citizens, 3 May	17
To George Jefferson, 3 May	18
To James Magoffin, 3 May	19
From John Monroe, 3 May	19
From Abraham Faw, 4 May	20
From Elbridge Gerry, 4 May	21
From James Monroe, 4 May	24
From Pendleton District, S.C., 16th Regiment, 4 May	27
From Samuel Smith, 4 May	28
From Samuel Smith, 4 April [i.e. May]	31
From Benjamin Vaughan, 4 May	31
From Marinus Willett, 4 May	36
To John Barnes, 5 May	37
From William Scales, 5 May	38
From “A Lover of Republicanism,” [before 6 May]	41
From John Barnes, 6 May	42
From William Imlay, 6 May	42
To George Jefferson, 6 May	44
From Fournier Lamorinnière, 6 May	44
From Robert Morris, 6 May
From Charles Pinckney, 6 May	46
From Daniel Trump, 6 May	47
From Joseph Barnes, 7 May	48
From the District of Columbia Commissioners, 7 May	51
To Enoch Edwards, 7 May	52
To Charles Wyndham Grymes, 7 May	53
From George Jefferson, 7 May	54
To Thomas Newton, 7 May	55
From Joseph Moss White, 7 May	55
From William Frederick Ast, 8 May	56
From Sylvanus Bourne, 8 May	57
From David Humphreys, 8 May	58
To John Carter Littlepage, 8 May	62
To Robert R. Livingston, 8 May	62
To Gouverneur Morris, 8 May	64
To Newbury Township Inhabitants, 8 May	65
To Theodore Foster, 9 May	66
To James Madison, 9 May	67
To Bishop James Madison, 9 May	68
To Thomas Newton, 9 March [i.e. May]	68
From Robert Patterson and Andrew Ellicott, 9 May	69
From the General Assembly of Rhode Island and
Providence Plantations, [9 May]
From William Duane, 10 May, enclosing
From John Reich, 4 May
From Anthony Haswell, 10 May	75
From George Logan, 10 May	77
From John Southack, 10 May	78
To Enoch Edwards, 11 May	79
From George Helmbold, 12 [i.e. 11] May	79
From Henry Knox, 11 May	80
Henry Dearborn’s Report on the War Department, [12 May]	81
From Edward Dowse, 12 May	88
From Bate Dyke, 12 May	89
From Enoch Edwards, 12 May	89
From Pierpont Edwards, 12 May	90
From William Findley, 12 May	95
From Charles Wyndham Grymes, 12 May	97
From Frédéric L. Hammer, 12 May	98
From John Hoomes, 12 May	99
To George Jefferson, 12 May	100
From George Jefferson, 12 May	101
Stable and Household Accounts, [on or after 12 May]	102
To James Stuart, 12 May	102
To William Thornton and Others, 12 May	103
From James Traquair, 12 May	104
From William Cooke, 13 May	104
From Gideon Granger, 13 May	105
From Thomas Newton, 13 May	106
From Tadeusz Kosciuszko, [after 13 May]	106
From John F. Gaullier, 14 May	108
From George Jefferson, 14 May	109
To Nathaniel Macon, 14 May	109
To Thomas Mann Randolph, 14 May	110
From David Austin, 15 May	111
From John Barnes, 15 May	113
From Robert Maxwell, [15 May]	113
Notes on a Cabinet Meeting, 15 May	114
From David Austin, 16 May	116
From Charles Douglas, 16 May	117
From Andrew Ellicott, 16 May	118
From Arthur Fenner, 16 May	121
From Hugh Ferguson, 16 May	122
To William Jones, 16 May	123
From Blair McClenachan, 16 May	124
From Thomas Newton, 16 May	124
Notes on a Cabinet Meeting, 16 May	125
From Richard Rogers, 16 May	126
To George Clinton, 17 May	127
From Thomas Cooper, 17 May	128
Notes on a Cabinet Meeting, 17 May	129
From David Leonard Barnes, 18 May	131
From Joseph Barnes, 18 May	132
From Thomas Claxton, 18 May	134
From Albert Gallatin, 18 May	136
From Levi Hunt, Jr., 18 May	136
From Richard Richardson, 18 May	137
From Thomas Truxton, 18 May	138
From Madame de Corny, 19 May	141
From Theodore Foster, 19 May	144
From John Vaughan, 19 May	147
From Joseph G. Chambers, 20 May	147
From Lewis Goldsmith, 20 May	149
From William Jones, 20 May	150
From Peter S. Marks, 20 May	150
From Gouverneur Morris, 20 May	151
From Marc Auguste Pictet, 20 May	152
From Hepzibah Clarke Swan, 20 May	154
Jacob Wagner’s Notes on a Letter from
Rühle von Lilienstern, [ca. 20 May]
From John Drayton, 21 May	157
From Albert Gallatin, [21 May]	158
To Yusuf Qaramanli, Pasha and Bey of Tripoli, 21 May	159
From Winthrop Sargent, 21 May	161
To James Monroe, 29 [i.e. 22] May	161
From James Monroe, 22 May	163
From Philip Van Cortlandt, 22 May	164
From Joseph Yznardi, Sr., [22 May]	165
To Elias Boudinot, 23 May	167
From Thomas Cooper and Others, 23 May	168
To William Duane, 23 May	169
From Albert Gallatin, 23 May	170
From William Lambert, 23 May	171
To John Langdon, 23 May	172
From James Monroe, 23 May	173
From Thomas Mann Randolph, 23 May	174
To George W. Erving, 24 May	176
From Nathaniel Macon, 24 May	176
To Francis Peyton, 24 May	177
From Aaron Burr, 25 May	178
From John Dickinson, 25 May	179
From Francis Peyton, 25 May	179
From Thomas Woodcock, 25 May	180
From David Austin, 26 May	180
From William Barton, 26 May	182
From Andrew Ellicott, 26 May	183
From George Jefferson, 26 May	185
To James Monroe, 26 May	185
From Charles Pinckney, 26 May	186
To the General Assembly of Rhode Island and
Providence Plantations, 26 May
From Robert Coane, 27 May	189
From Albert Gallatin, [27 May]	190
From Henry Ingle, 27 May	191
From William Kilty, 27 May	191
To James and Dolley Madison and Anna Payne, 27 May	193
From Thomas Claxton, 28 May	193
From Christopher Ellery, 28 May	195
To Mary Jefferson Eppes, 28 May	196
To James Jackson, 28 May	197
From George Jefferson, 28 May	197
From Nicholas King, 28 May	198
From Thomas Lomax, 28 May	200
To Martha Jefferson Randolph, 28 May	200
To Thomas Truxton, 28 May	201
From Enoch Edwards, 29 May	201
To Nicholas King, 29 May	202
From Louis Philippe Gallot de Lormerie, 29 May	203
To James Monroe, 29 May	205
To James Monroe, 29 May	206
From Joseph H. Nicholson, 29 May	206
From Mann Page, 29 May	207
To William Baker, 30 May	208
To the Executive Directory of the Batavian Republic, 30 May	208
Receipt from Edward Frethy, 30 May	210
From Thomas Procter, 30 May	210
From James Traquair, 30 May	211
From James Clark, 31 May	212
To Robert R. Livingston, 31 May	213
From Robert R. Livingston, 31 May	214
From Winthrop Sargent, [31 May]	216
From James Warren, 31 May	218
From Mercy Otis Warren, 31 May	220
Notes on a Conversation with Pierce Butler, [May or October]	221
From David Austin, 1 June	221
From Denniston & Cheetham, 1 June	223
From the District of Columbia Commissioners, 1 June	225
From the District of Columbia Commissioners, 1 June	225
From Albert Gallatin, 1 June	226
To Gibson & Jefferson, 1 June	227
From William Branch Giles, 1 June	227
From George Jefferson, 1 June	229
From James Monroe, 1 June	229
From Thomas Newton, 1 June	230
To Richard Richardson, enclosing
Certificate for Richard Richardson, 1 June
From Walter Carr, 2 June	232
To Thomas Claxton, 2 June	233
To the District of Columbia Commissioners, 2 June	234
To Enoch Edwards, 2 June	235
To George Jefferson, 2 June	235
From Robert Leslie, 2 June
To John Watson, 2 June	240
Petition of Lewis Freeman, 3 June	240
To Albert Gallatin, 3 June	242
From Albert Gallatin, 3 June	243
From Harry Innes, 3 June	243
To St. George Tucker, 3 June	245
From Aaron Burr, 4 June	246
From J. C. Cornwell, 4 June	247
From Andrew Ellicott, 4 June	248
To Robert R. Livingston, enclosing Neutral Rights, 4 June	251
From Robert R. Livingston, [4 June]	254
Notes on a Conversation with Robert R. Livingston,
[on or after 4 June]
Notes on a Conversation with Robert R. Livingston, [4 June]	256
To Thomas Mann Randolph, 4 June	256
From Samuel Smith, 4 June	257
From Archibald Stuart, 4 June	258
From James Taylor, Jr., 4 June	259
From Joshua Barney, 5 June	260
From George W. Erving, 5 June	261
To William Hylton, [5 June]	262
From Robert R. Livingston, 5 June	263
From Rufus Low, 5 June	263
To Denniston & Cheetham, 6 June	264
To Christopher Ellery, 6 June	265
To Arthur Fenner, 6 June	266
To Theodore Foster, 6 June	266
To Gouverneur Morris, 6 June	267
From Samuel Smith, 6 June	268
To Elijah Brown, 7 June	268
From Elijah Griffiths, 7 June	269
To John Roberts, 7 June	271
To Benjamin Vaughan, 7 June	271
From Robert Patterson, 8 June	272
From Benjamin Waterhouse, 8 June	273
From Joseph Yznardi, Sr., 8 June	278
From David Austin, 9 June	279
From Albert Gallatin, 9 June	279
Albert Gallatin’s Report on Delinquent Collectors, 9 June	280
From Thomas Paine, 9 June	281
From William Short, 9 June	286
To James Dinsmore, 10 June	295
From William Duane, 10 June	296
From Pierpont Edwards, 10 June	301
From George Jefferson, 10 June	302
From John Langdon, 10 June	302
From John Mason, 10 June	303
From Samuel Smith, 10 June	304
From David Austin, 11 June	305
To John Bartram, Jr., [11 June]	306
From Robert Lawson, [11 June]	307
To Wilson Cary Nicholas, 11 June	308
From Paul Richard Randall, 11 June	310
From Richard Robotham, 11 June`	311
From Collen Williamson, 11 June	313
From David Leonard Barnes, 12 June	314
From David Campbell, 12 June	315
From Denniston & Cheetham, 12 June	316
From Albert Gallatin, 12 June	318
From Albert Gallatin, 12 June	318
From Albert Gallatin, 12 June	320
To Levi Lincoln, 12 June	320
To Mason Locke Weems, 12 June	321
From Everard Meade, 13 June	322
Notes on Resolution of American Debts to British Creditors, 13 June	323
I.
II.
From Thomas Mann Randolph, 13 June	327
From Joseph T. Scott, 13 June	328
From Samuel Smith, 13 June	329
From John Smyth, 13 June	331
Statement of Account with Thomas Claxton, 13 June	332
From Stephen Cathalan, Jr., 14 June	333
Opinion on George Walker’s Case, 14 June	334
From Madame de Tessé, 14 June	336
From Albert Gallatin, 15 June	339
From Levi Lincoln, 15 June	340
From James Monroe, 15 June	345
From James Monroe, 15 June	347
From Jesse S. Zane, 15 June	348
From David Austin, 16 June	349
From David Austin, 16 June	350
From Elias Boudinot, 16 June	352
From Albert Gallatin, [16 June]	354
From Albert Gallatin, 16 June	356
From Philippe de Létombe, 16 June	357
From Edward Meeks, 16 June	359
From James Monroe, 16 June	360
From Julian Ursin Niemcewicz, 16 June	361
From William Rose, 16 June	362
From Charles Webb, 16 June	364
From David Austin, 17 June	368
To John Barnes, 17 June	369
From James Clark, with Gallatin’s Comment, 17 June	369
To Tench Coxe, 17 June	372
From Henry Dearborn, 17 June	373
To John Drayton, 17 June	374
To John Wayles Eppes, 17 June	374
To George Jefferson, 17 June	375
From George Jefferson, 17 June	376
From David Austin, 18 June	376
From Elijah Boardman, 18 June	377
From Henry Dearborn, 18 June	377
From Mary Jefferson Eppes, 18 June	378
From Albert Gallatin, 18 June	379
Remonstrance of the New Haven Merchants, [18 June]	381
To Thomas Mann Randolph, 18 June	384
From John Daly Burk, [before 19 June]	385
From Martha Jefferson Randolph, 19 June	389
From Stephen Drayton, 20 June	391
From Albert Gallatin, [20 June]	392
From Caleb Gibbs, 20 June	393
From Harry Innes, 20 June	394
To James Madison, 20 June	395
From James Madison, [20 June]	396
To James Madison and Albert Gallatin, enclosing
Note on Passports, 20 June
To James Monroe, 20 June	398
From James Monroe, 20 June	399
From Jean Baptiste Ternant, 20 June	400
To John Daly Burk, 21 June	400
To John Dickinson, 21 June	401
From Lafayette, 21 June	403
From James Lyon, 21 June	404
From David Austin, [22 June]	405
From William Davy, 22 June	406
To James Dinsmore, 22 June	407
From George Skene Keith, 22 June	407
To John Langdon, 22 June	408
From John Langdon, 22 June	409
To Robert Lawson, 22 June	410
From Samuel Miller, 22 June	410
From Arthur St. Clair, 22 June	412
From Sir John Sinclair, 22 June	414
From Samuel Smith, 22 June	415
From Henry Tuell, 22 June	416
To David Leonard Barnes, 23 June	416
From Michael Fortune, 23 June	417
From James Mease, 23 June	418
Notes on a Conversation with Andrew Ellicott, 23 June	419
From Luke O’Dea, 23 June	420
To George Wythe, [23 June]	421
From Pierre Auguste Adet, 24 June	421
From François Barbé de Marbois, 24 June	423
From William Barton, 24 June	424
From Tench Coxe, 24 June	425
To Mary Jefferson Eppes, 24 June	428
To James Madison, 24 June	429
From Wilson Cary Nicholas, 24 June	430
From Kezia Norris, 24 June	432
To Samuel Smith, 24 June	433
From Benjamin Vaughan, 24 June	434
From Dr. John Vaughan, 24 June	437
From Volney, 24 June	437
From Tench Coxe, 25 June	442
From Thomas Paine, 25 June	450
To Martha Jefferson Randolph, 25 June	451
From Stephen Sayre, 25 June	452
From Volney, [25 June]	454
From George Walton, 25 June	455
From “A Kentucky-Citizen,” [before 26] June	455
To Henry Dearborn, 26 June	458
From the Delaware Baptist Association, 26 June	458
From Albert Gallatin, 26 June	460
From Wade Hampton, 26 June	460
From Samuel Smith, 26 June	461
To Benjamin Waterhouse, 26 June	462
From David Austin, 27 June	463
To Henry Dearborn, 27 June	463
From John Dickinson, 27 June	464
From Charles Douglas, 27 June	467
From Baron von Geismar, 27 June	468
From John Christ, 28 June	470
To Charles Douglas, 28 June	471
From Mathew Carey, [on or before 29 June]	471
From William Adamson, 29 June	472
From David Austin, 29 June	475
From Albert Gallatin, [29 June]	476
From John F. Gaullier, 29 June	477
From Francis Hoskins, 29 June	479
To James Mease, 29 June	480
To Julian Ursin Niemcewicz, 29 June	481
From Charles Willson Peale, 29 June	481
From David Austin, 30 June	482
From Timothy Bloodworth, 30 June	483
From William Kilty, James Marshall, and
William Cranch, 30 June
From Thomas Peerce, 30 June	486
From James Tilton, 30 June	487
Statement of Account with Thomas Carpenter, 1 July	488
To Elizabeth House Trist, 1 July	489
To the Delaware Baptist Association, 2 July	490
From David Jones, 2 July	491
To Elijah Boardman, 3 July	493
From John Coalter, 3 July	494
From Jacques Joseph Ducarne de Blangy, 3 July	495
From Enoch Edwards, 3 July	496
Levi Lincoln’s Opinion on the Betsy Cathcart, [3 July]	497
From William Maclure, 3 July	503
Reply to a Cherokee Delegation, 3 July	505
I.
II.

From William Keteltas, 4 July	511
From Levi Lincoln, 5 July	515
From Albert Gallatin, [6 July]	517
From Gideon Granger, 6 July	518
To George Jefferson, 6 July	521
From Hugh Williamson, 6 July	522
From Peter Frailey and Others, 7 July	523
From Albert Gallatin, [7 July]	525
From Thomas Newton, 7 July	527
From Benjamin Kneeland, 8 July	527
From Charles Pinckney, 8 July	528
To Samuel Harrison Smith, 8 July	529
To Enoch Edwards, 9 July	530
Report by Albert Gallatin, with Jefferson’s Opinion, 9 July	531
To Robert Smith, 9 July	534
To Samuel Smith, 9 July	535
From Samuel Smith, 9 July	536
From Samuel Darley, 10 July	537
From Thomas Newton, 10 July	537
From Daniel Parker, 10 July	538
From Craven Peyton, 10 July	540
From Elijah Brainerd, 11 July	540
From Albert Gallatin, 11 July	543
From Albert Gallatin, 11 July	543
From William Kilty, 11 July	544
From Philippe de Létombe, 11 July	544
To Levi Lincoln, 11 July	546
To Samuel Smith, 11 July	549
From John Steele, 11 July	550
From John Elmslie, Jr., 12 July	551
To the New Haven Merchants, 12 July	554
To Abraham Baldwin, 13 July	558
To William C. C. Claiborne, 13 July	560
From Robert Smith, 13 July	562
From Dr. John Vaughan, 13 July	563
To David Austin, 14 July	565
From Caleb Prew Bennett, [14] July	566
To Craven Peyton, 14 July	567
To Philippe de Létombe, 15 July	568
Memorandum on Restitution of Prizes, 15 July	568
From Georges Thomas, 15 July	571
To Mary Jefferson Eppes, 16 July	571
Albert Gallatin’s Report on Collector for Michilimackinac, 16 July	572
From James Hopkins, 16 July	573
From Joel Lewis, 16 July	578
From John McDonald, 16 July	578
To Martha Jefferson Randolph, 16 July	580
From “T. J. M,” 16 July	581
To William Wardlaw, 16 July	581
To Albert Gallatin, 17 July	582
From Gean Leach, 17 July	583
From James Madison, [on or before 17 July]	583
From Robert Maxwell, 17 July	585
Memorandum on Restitution of Prizes, [on or after 17 July]	586
To Dr. John Vaughan, 17 July	587
From Joseph Yznardi, Sr., 17 July	588
From John Dickinson, 18 July	590
From James Jackson, 18 July	591
From Thomas Mann Randolph, 18 July	595
From Samuel Smith, 18 July	596
To James Madison, 19 July	597
To John Barnes, [20 July]	598
From Daniel Clark, 20 July	598
From Maria Cosway, 20 July	599
From Anthony Haswell, 20 July	601
From James Lyon, 20 July	602
From Richard Richardson, 20 July	603
From Robert Smith, 20 July	604
From Samuel Smith, 20 July	605
To Pierpont Edwards, 21 July	606
From Theodore Foster, 21 July	607
To Gideon Granger, 21 July	610
To Edmund Jenings, 21 July	611
From Thomas McKean, 21 July	612
To James Monroe, 21 July	614
From Henry Daniel, 22 July	614
To Joseph Yznardi, Sr., [22 July]	615
To John Dickinson, 23 July	616
From Pierre Samuel Du Pont de Nemours, 23 July	617
From James Lyon, 23 July	620
From Samuel Latham Mitchill, 23 July	624
From Samuel Smith, 23 July	625
To Thomas McKean, 24 July	625
From Charles Willson Peale, 24 July	627
From Joel R. Poinsett, 24 July	628
From Benjamin Waterhouse, 24 July	629
Meriwether Lewis’s Classification of Army Officers, [after 24 July]	629
From “A. Z.,” 25 July	630
From Sebastian Bauman, 25 July	631
From William Bingham, 25 July	632
From Theodore Foster, 25 July	632
From Albert Gallatin, enclosing
Circular to Customs Collectors, 25 July
From Albert Gallatin, 25 July	637
From Tobias Lear, 25 July	637
From Martha Jefferson Randolph, 25 July	639
From Isaac Shelby, 25 July	639
To Samuel Smith, [25 July]	640
To Benjamin Waterhouse, 25 July	640
From Joseph Yznardi, Sr., 25 July	641
From “A Boston Merchant,” 26 July	644
To Albert Gallatin, 26 July	644
From Calvin Jones, 26 July	645
To Pierce Butler, 27 July	646
From Samuel Davidson, 27 July	647
To Philippe de Létombe, 27 July	648
To Thomas Mann Randolph, 27 July	649
To Henry Sheaff, 27 July	650
To Henry Dearborn, 28 July	650
To Pierre Samuel Du Pont de Nemours, 28 July	651
Albert Gallatin’s Report on Collection of Internal Revenues, 28 July	651
From Jacob Lewis, 28 July	656
From Levi Lincoln, 28 July	657
From Levi Stutson, 28 July	669
To William Bingham, 29 July	670
To Hugh Henry Brackenridge, 29 July	671
From Anthony Butler, 29 July	671
From William Caruthers, 29 July	672
From George Clinton, 29 July	674
From John Drayton, 29 July	674
Executive Order on Revenue Districts, 29 July	676
From Albert Gallatin, 29 July	678
From Albert Gallatin, 29 July	681
From Albert Gallatin, 29 July	683
To Benjamin Hichborn, 29 July	683
To George Jefferson, 29 July	684
To Philippe de Létombe, 29 July	685
To Charles Willson Peale, 29 July	686
From Samuel H. Smith, 29 July	686
From Matthew Groves, 30 July	687
From George Helmbold, 30 July	689
From Philip Mazzei, [30 July]	691
From Francis Peyton, 30 July	692
From Hugh Williamson, 30 July	693
From Robert Leslie, 31 July	694
From George Wythe, 31 July	695
Summary of British Debt Claims, [July 1801 or after]	696
APPENDICES
Appendix I: Letters Not Printed in Full	697
Appendix II: Letters Not Found	701
Appendix III: Financial Documents	705

INDEX	709

Index

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

Aaron (Bible), 93, 94n

Aborn, Thomas, 146, 147n, 266

Academy of Medicine (Philadelphia), 270n

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 504n

accountants, 581, 670n

"Acquisition of Louisiana" (Michael Fortune), 417n

Adams, Abigail, 64n, 220n

Adams, John

Minister to Great Britain

secretaries, 62-3, 64n

and negotiations with Algiers, 311n

and D. Parker, 539n

Opinions

vanity of, 575

Personal Affairs

relationship with E. Gerry, 22-3

and Mercy Otis Warren, 220n

law clerks, 674n

portraits of, 690n

President

makes appointments, 19, 20n, 58, 131n, 147n, 218n, 251n, 304n, 415, 533n, 553n, 592, 604n

late-term appointments, 23, 64n, 94n, 129, 131n, 132n, 146, 147n, 213n, 333, 334n, 433, 556, 606

leaves Washington, 23

and extradition of H. Jones, 26, 163-4

and J. Robbins case, 26, 27n, 164n

and marine hospital at Norfolk, 26, 27n

and David Humphreys, 60-1

and proposed military academy, 87n

removal from office an act of God, 111, 116-17

and President's House, 135n

and Direct Tax in S.C., 136n

and Truxtun's seniority, 139, 140n

and Tripoli, 159, 160n

correspondence with governors, 162, 174

administration praised, 188n, 594, 644

petitions to, for pardons, 242n

and Ellicott, 250

and British debt claims, 323-4

and D.C. development, 335n

applications to, for appointments, 357n

removals by, 357n, 426, 447, 449n

and prosecution of sedition trials, 386-7, 389n

and Algiers, 431

flattered by Federalists, 512

preferred Tories over Republicans, 513-14

leader of a party, not a nation, 538

criticism of, 576

restoration of French prizes, 663-4

and Convention of 1800, 665

Relations with Jefferson

commissioners to France, 64n

cheerfully submits to TJ's administration, 601

Adams, John Quincy, 130n, 466

Adams, Samuel, 52, 176n, 394, 497

Adams, Fort, 151n

Adams (brig), 86n

Adams (U.S. frigate), 29, 30, 330, 461, 462n, 624n

Adamson, William

letter from, 472-5

congratulates TJ, seeks appointment, 472-5

identified, 475n

Addison, Thomas, 304

Adet, Pierre Auguste

letter from, 421-3

congratulates TJ, 421-3

adultery, 323, 387

Aeneid (Virgil), 386

Africa

colonization schemes for, 156

American captives in, 310, 311n

geology of, 551-3

merchants, 553n

African Episcopal Church, 417n

agriculture

farmers as citizens, 36

commerce "handmaid" to, 71, 189, 540

investments in, 231

recommendations for a national board or society, 414

threshing machines, 452

Aikin, Charles Rochemont, Concise View of All the Most Important Facts which have Hitherto Appeared Concerning the Cow-Pox, 274-5, 277n

Alabama River, 120

A la Nation Française, aux Consuls de la République, à Toutes les Nations Maritimes du Globe et à Toutes les Sociétés Savantes de l'Europe (Jacques Joseph Ducarne de Blangy), 495-6n

Albemarle Co., Va., 240n

alcoholism

in navy, 16n

accusations of, 88, 206-7, 360-1

among Monticello artisans, 104n, 376, 407

removals from office due to, 517-18

Alexander, Andrew, 258

Alexander, John, 258, 494

Alexander, Samuel, 194n

Alexander I, Emperor of Russia, 285n, 466

Alexander (ship), 11

Alexandria, Egypt, 134, 285n, 642, 643

Alexandria, Va.

Orphan's Court, 20

justices of the peace, 20n, 303-4

packet service to, from, 106, 599n

custom house, 118n

physicians, 118n

collector of internal revenue at, 319

merchants, 360n

collector of customs at, 381n

smallpox vaccination at, 467-8

marine hospitals, 679

taxes in, 692-3

Alexandria Advertiser and Commercial Intelligencer, 246n

Alexandria Expositor, 405n

Algiers

tribute for, 29, 115, 205, 222n, 266-7, 330, 350n, 351, 431-2, 461, 607

estimate of marine force of, 31n

consuls at, 61n, 624

ransom of U.S. prisoners in, 61n, 311n

Dale's instructions regarding, 115n

treaty with U.S., 115n, 380, 397

attacks U.S. shipping, 138-9, 140n

status in Ottoman empire, 160n

interest in French tapestries, 203-4

confused with Tripoli, 308-9

cruisers, 646

Alien Friends Act (1798)

evasion of, 35, 387

prosecutions, persecutions under, 425n, 473, 475n

criticism of, 576

support for, 594

aliens. See immigrants

Alison, Francis, 411, 412n

Alliance (ship), 16n

almonds, 598

Alston, Joseph, 188n

Altona, 481

"American Citizen" (W. Barton), 425n

American Citizen and General Advertiser (New York), 224n, 309-10n, 425n

American Literary Advertiser (Washington, D.C.), 405n

American Philosophical Society

loans money to C. W. Peale, ix, 627-8

seeks to acquire mastodon skeleton, ix, 482n, 627-8

elects members, 87n, 121n, 183n, 412n, 488n, 504n

publishes Transactions, 120, 153, 154, 248

receives communications, specimens, 172n, 553n

TJ as president of, 277n, 312n, 329n, 480n

meetings, 312n

offers prizes, 312n

American Revolution

veterans of, xliii, 16n, 69, 77n, 80, 84, 86n, 122, 124, 169n, 191, 207, 211n, 243, 256, 307n, 391n, 394n, 461n, 467, 484, 488n, 541, 566, 690n, 695n

and Denmark, 31-2

and citizenship, 35-6

commissaries, 70n, 122

Loyalists, 110, 126n, 158n, 176n, 177, 256, 316-17, 324, 326, 616, 674n, 684, 696

quartermasters, 122

privateers, 140n

in S.C., 157n

and France, 207, 400n

naval affairs, 261n, 527

in N.Y., 360n

in Mass., 364n

glorification of, 385-6

slaves lost during, 392n

persistent principles and spirit of, 459, 484, 490-1, 519, 576, 593

and Cherokees, 508

in Boston, 644

judge advocates, 674n

"Americanus" (W. Jackson), 419-20

Ames, Fisher, 344

"Amour Médecin" (Molière), 294n

Amsterdam

banks, 85n

Short's mission to, 289

consul at, 474

merchants, 532n

Anacostia River

navy yard at, 30, 111, 257, 330, 434

Anderson, Mr. (commissary of boundary survey), 250, 251n

Anderson, Robert, 7

Andrews, Asa, 281n

Andrews, William, 670n

Annual Register (Great Britain), 634-5

Anstey, John, 324-6

Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius (Roman emperor), 634

Antwerp, 206n

Apalachicola River, 183, 184n, 216

Appalachian Mountains, 456

Appleton, Thomas, 48, 51, 132

aprons, 705

Apthorp, John, 694

Apthorp, Susan, 694

Archer, John

letter from cited, 701

architecture

calls for simpler, chaster, 128

Boston, 693

Argus (revenue cutter), 357n

Ariana, 386

Armstrong, Gen. John

advises on appointments, 158n

letter from cited, 704

Army, U.S. See War, U.S. Department of

Arnold, John, 118, 119, 120n

arsenals, 22, 69n, 82-3, 85-6n, 347-8, 614

art

lack of patronage for, 79-80

Egyptian, 454

Ash, James, 355, 476

Ashley, Warren, 101, 185, 229

askos

Roman, copied, 194n, 233

Ast, William Frederick

letter from, 56-7

and TJ's insurance premium, 56-7, 684, 685n

"Astronomical, and Thermometrical Observations, made on the Boundary between the United States and His Catholic Majesty" (Andrew Ellicott), 120n

Astronomical Observations ... from the year MDCCLXXXVII to the year MDCCXCVIII. Volume III (Nevil Maskelyne), 249, 251n

astronomy, 118-20, 172n, 183-4, 249, 251n, 293, 552-3, 554n, 687-8

atlases, 471-2

attorneys

Federalists as, 3, 195, 592, 593

in Ga., 3, 592-3

in S.C., 15

in R.I., 195, 196n, 341

in Ky., 244

in Va., 307n

in New York City, 514n

in Baltimore, 534n

Republicans as, 592-3

in Boston, 674n

in Philadelphia, 695n

Atwood, Edward, 368n, 378

Aubert, Jacques, 44, 45

Augusta, Ga., 455, 457, 458, 594

Augusta (U.S. brig), 296, 300n

Augusta Herald, 594

Aurora (Philadelphia)

prints letters, documents, 9n, 477n, 584n

reports TJ's return to Washington, 48n

reports scheme to block Gallatin's nomination, 67n

unprofitability of, 72, 299

advertises G. Stuart's sheriff's sale, 80n

and TJ hosting lodgers at President's House, 246n

and Irujo-Pickering correspondence, 419n

distribution of, interfered with, 573-4

subscriptions to, 573-4, 575, 577n

Austin, Benjamin, Jr., 661

Austin, David

letter to, 565-6

letters from, 111-13, 116-17, 180-1, 221-2, 279, 305-6, 349-50, 350-2, 368-9, 376-7, 405-6, 463, 475-6, 482-3

offers plans, advice, 112, 116-17, 180-1, 222, 349-50, 350-2, 369n

seeks appointment, 112, 116, 180-1, 305-6, 482-3

seeks union of all Christians, 112, 368

and New Haven collectorship, 117, 384n, 463

letters from cited, 181n, 369n, 384n, 406n, 483n, 698, 699, 701

observations on Barbary affairs, 221-2, 305-6

requests interview with TJ, 279

establishes Lady Washington's Chapel, 368-9, 406n

at Yale, 369n

Fourth of July discourse, 376-7, 406, 475-6

National "Barley Cake," 377n

acknowledges note from TJ, 405-6

performs wedding ceremony for TJ's servants, 565-6

Austin, David, Sr. (1732-1801), 94n, 117, 554, 556

Austin, John P., 117

Austin, William, 207n

Australia, 156

Austria, 273, 284

Auvergne, France, 287

"A.Z." (pseudonym)

letter from, 630-1

theory on fossil locations, 630-1

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Selected Documents

18 June 1801

From Elijah Boardman

A Connecticut gentleman cautions Jefferson that both political parties expect to share in the plums of political appointment.

3 July 1801

To Elijah Boardman

In his reply to Boardman, Jefferson offers no comment on political appointments, but acknowledges receipt of a sermon on religious freedom and articulates the rights of conscience.

18 June 1801

Remonstrance of the New Haven Merchants

Some Connecticut merchants challenge the removal of a Federalist collector at New Haven and the subsequent appointment of a Republican whom they deem inadequately qualified for the position. They interpret Jefferson's inaugural address as implying presidential appointments would be merit-based without regard to party.

12 July 1801

To the New Haven Merchants

Jefferson clarifies misunderstandings over his removal policies, acknowledging the burden of presidential appointments and the reality of political parties.

Search form

Volume 34

Volume Details

A

Aaron (Bible), 93, 94n

Aborn, Thomas, 146, 147n, 266

Academy of Medicine (Philadelphia), 270n

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 504n

accountants, 581, 670n

"Acquisition of Louisiana" (Michael Fortune), 417n

Adams, Abigail, 64n, 220n

Adams, John

Minister to Great Britain

secretaries, 62-3, 64n

and negotiations with Algiers, 311n

and D. Parker, 539n

Opinions

vanity of, 575

Personal Affairs

relationship with E. Gerry, 22-3

and Mercy Otis Warren, 220n

law clerks, 674n

portraits of, 690n

President

makes appointments, 19, 20n, 58, 131n, 147n, 218n, 251n, 304n, 415, 533n, 553n, 592, 604n

late-term appointments, 23, 64n, 94n, 129, 131n, 132n, 146, 147n, 213n, 333, 334n, 433, 556, 606

leaves Washington, 23

and extradition of H. Jones, 26, 163-4

and J. Robbins case, 26, 27n, 164n

and marine hospital at Norfolk, 26, 27n

and David Humphreys, 60-1

and proposed military academy, 87n

removal from office an act of God, 111, 116-17

and President's House, 135n

and Direct Tax in S.C., 136n

and Truxtun's seniority, 139, 140n

and Tripoli, 159, 160n

correspondence with governors, 162, 174

administration praised, 188n, 594, 644

petitions to, for pardons, 242n

and Ellicott, 250

and British debt claims, 323-4

and D.C. development, 335n

applications to, for appointments, 357n

removals by, 357n, 426, 447, 449n

and prosecution of sedition trials, 386-7, 389n

and Algiers, 431

flattered by Federalists, 512

preferred Tories over Republicans, 513-14

leader of a party, not a nation, 538

criticism of, 576

restoration of French prizes, 663-4

and Convention of 1800, 665

Relations with Jefferson

commissioners to France, 64n

cheerfully submits to TJ's administration, 601

Adams, John Quincy, 130n, 466

Adams, Samuel, 52, 176n, 394, 497

Adams, Fort, 151n

Adams (brig), 86n

Adams (U.S. frigate), 29, 30, 330, 461, 462n, 624n

Adamson, William

letter from, 472-5

congratulates TJ, seeks appointment, 472-5

identified, 475n

Addison, Thomas, 304

Adet, Pierre Auguste

letter from, 421-3

congratulates TJ, 421-3

adultery, 323, 387

Aeneid (Virgil), 386

Africa

colonization schemes for, 156

American captives in, 310, 311n

geology of, 551-3

merchants, 553n

African Episcopal Church, 417n

agriculture

farmers as citizens, 36

commerce "handmaid" to, 71, 189, 540