Volume 15

27 March to 30 November 1789 with Supplement, 19 October 1772 to 7 February 1790

Volume Details

Description

In Volume 15 Jefferson, a veteran of the councils of his own country’s revolution, becomes an eyewitness of the opening events of the great upheaval in France in 1789.

The Archbishop of Bordeaux and his colleagues of the National Assembly ask Jefferson’s aid and counsel in drafting a new constitution; he declines in July but gives a private dinner in August for Lafayette and the moderates who wish to form a coalition and thus avoid civil war. He is catapulted into the limelight by Mirabeau’s attack on Necker for the shortage of grain and flour. He advises Lafayette about the latter’s proposed draft of a Declaration of Rights and proposes a compromise charter for France in order to gain time, to consolidate the advances already made, and to allow public opinion to ripen.

Jefferson dines with De Corny and learns at first hand what happened at the fall of the Bastille. Three days later he is among the crowds with Dugald Stewart, the young Scottish philosopher, as Louis XVI is “led in triumph by his people thro’ the streets of the capital.” He writes long dispatches to Jay and private letters to Thomas Paine and Richard Price, among others, detailing the events that he regarded as “the first chapter of the history of European liberty.”

Early in September Jefferson becomes ill and, treated by a philosopher-physician, is possessed by the idea that “the earth belongs in usufruct to the living.” He urges Madison to develop this concept and to apply it to American legislation—but his ostensible purpose is supported by arguments addressed wholly to the situation in France, whereby he furnishes justification for the abolition of ancient debts, the public appropriation of feudal grants, the wiping out of hereditary privileges, and the eradication of monopolies.

Late in September, with Polly, Patsy, Petit, and two servants, Jefferson leaves Paris for a six months’ leave, unaware that the same day the United States Senate confirmed his nomination as Secretary of State. Four weeks later he lands in Norfolk, where he is greeted by the officials—and finds that politics and anti-federalism are far from inactive in Virginia.

Table of Contents

From Edward Bancroft, 27 March 1789	3
[From Descamets, 27 March 1789]	4
From Sir John Sinclair, 27 March 1789	5
From James Madison, 29 March 1789	5
To Edward Bancroft, 30 March 1789	8
To Boyd, Ker & Co., 30 March 1789	9
From Lucy Ludwell Paradise, 31 March 1789	10
From Madame Oster, 1 April 1789	11
From Edward Rutledge, [ca. 1 April 1789]	11
Enclosure: Andrew Turnbull to Edward Rutledge	14
[From Charpentier, 2 April 1789]	16
From Francis Hopkinson, 2 April 1789	16
From André Limozin, 2 April 1789	18
From Sarsfield, 2 April 1789	18
From Nicolas & Jacob van Staphorst, 2 April 1789	19
From Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 2 April 1789	19
From C. W. F. Dumas, 3 April 1789	21
From Ralph Izard, 3 April 1789	21
To Jean Baptiste LeRoy, 3 April 1789	23
From John Rutledge, Jr., 3 April 1789	24
To Sarsfield, 3 April 1789	25
From William Short, 3 April 1789	27
From Jonathan Jones, 4 April 1789	30
From MacCarthy Brothers, 4 April 1789	31
To Thomas Payne, 4 April 1789	31
From Charles Pinckney, 4 April 1789	31
To Madame Oster, 5 April 1789	34
To Lucy Ludwell Paradise, 6 April 1789	34
From Sarsfield, 7 April 1789	35
From David Ramsay, 8 April 1789	37
To John Trumbull, 8 April 1789	38
To Edward Bancroft, 9 April 1789	39
From James Rumsey, 9 April 1789	39
To Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 9 April 1789	40
Enclosure: The Commissioners of the Treasury to Willink & Van Staphorst, 21 February 1789	41
From P. van Ishoven, 10 April 1789	42
[From Pierre Simon Duvivier, 11 April 1789]	42
To John Bondfield, 12 April 1789	42
From Stephen Cathalan, Jr., 12 April 1789	43
To André Limozin, 12 April 1789	46
From John Fraser, 13 April 1789	47
From Geismar, 13 April 1789	48
To Jean Durival, 13 April 1789	49
To William Short, 13 April 1789	50
From D'Anterroches, 14 April 1789	51
From Lucy Ludwell Paradise, 14 April 1789	51
From Schweighauser & Dobrée, 14 April 1789	53
From Madame Oster, 15 April 1789	54
From Bayard, 16 April 1789	54
From William Bingham, 16 April 1789	55
From John Gallwey, 16 April 1789	57
From André Limozin, 16 April 1789	57
From Jacob Vernes, [ca. 16 April 1789]	57
From Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 16 April 1789	58
From Edward Bancroft, 17 April 1789	59
To Rayneval, 17 April 1789	60
To John Rutledge, Jr., 17 April 1789	63
From John Bondfield, 18 April 1789	63
From Brissot de Warville, 19 April 1789	64
From Ruellan & Cie., 20 April 1789	65
From Ruÿsch, 20 April 1789	65
From William Short, 20 April 1789	65
From Thiery fils ainé, 20 April 1789	67
From Louis Gomez, 21 April 1789	67
To Grand & Cie., 23 April 1789	69
To Ruellan & Cie., 23 April 1789	69
To Edward Bancroft, 24 April 1789	70
From André Limozin, 24 April 1789	70
From John Bondfield, 25 April 1789	71
From Francis Kinloch, 26 April 1789	71
From Sarsfield, 26 April 1789	72
From John Rutledge, Jr., 27 April 1789	72
From Edward Bancroft, 28 April 1789	73
From John Bondfield, 28 April 1789	74
From Guichard de Mareil, 28 April 1789	74
From William Short, 28 April 1789	76
[From Boyd, Ker & Co., 29 April 1789]	78
From C. W. F. Dumas, 29 April 1789	78
[From Gouverneur Morris, 29 April 1789]	79
From Jean Baptiste LeRoy, [30 April 1789]	80
To Lucy Ludwell Paradise, 30 April 1789	82
Memorandum Concerning Public Accounts, April 1789	84
From John Trumbull, 1 May 1789	84
From John Bondfield, 2 May 1789	84
From William Short, 2 [May] 1789	85
From D'Anterroches, 3 May 1789	86
To Nicholas Hubbard, 3 May 1789	86
To André Limozin, 3 May 1789	86
To William Short, 3 May 1789	87
To Van Damme, 3 May 1789	88
To Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 3 May 1789	88
To Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 3 May 1789	89
From Gaetano Drago, 4 May 1789	89
From Richard Price, 4 May 1789	90
From William Short, 4 [May] 1789	91
From Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 4 May 1789	91
From Samuel Broome, 5 May 1789	92
From Hastings Marks, 5 May 1789	93
From Lucy Ludwell Paradise, 5 May 1789	94
From Edward Jerningham, 6 May 1789	96
To Lafayette, 6 May 1789	97
From Louis de Pontière, 6 May 1789	98
To James Swan, 6 May 1789	99
To Brailsford & Morris, 7 May 1789	99
To William Drayton, 7 May 1789	101
To Parent, 7 May 1789	102
From Benjamin Vaughan, 7 May 1789	102
To William Carmichael, 8 May 1789	103
To Lewis Littlepage, 8 May 1789	105
From Richard Claiborne, 9 May 1789	107
From Grand & Cie., 9 May 1789	108
From Grand & Cie., [9 May 1789]	109
To John Jay, 9 May 1789	110
From James Madison, 9 May 1789	114
To John Adams, 10 May 1789	116
To George Washington, 10 May 1789	117
From Nicholas Hubbard, 11 May 1789	119
From Jan Ingenhousz, 11 May 1789	119
To John Jay, 14 March–11 May 1789	120
To James Madison, 11 May 1789	121
Enclosure: Abstract of Mr. G. Morris's plan of American finances, 19 April 1789	123
From Souche, 11 May 1789	124
To the Commissioners of the Treasury, 11 May 1789	125
From Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 11 May 1789	126
To John Jay, 12 May 1789	126
From Jean Claude de La Métherie, 12 May 1789	127
From Stephen Cathalan, Jr., 13 May 1789	127
From Jacob Vernes, 13 May 1789	129
From Robert Fitz-Gerald, 14 May 1789	129
From John Churchman, 15 May 1789	129
From Lucy Ludwell Paradise, 15 May 1789	130
To William Jones, 17 May 1789	131
To Louis de Pontière, 17 May 1789	132
To Benjamin Vaughan, 17 May 1789	133
From Grand & Cie., 18 May 1789	134
From Jacob Vernes, 18 May 1789	134
To Thomas Paine, 19 May 1789	136
To Richard Price, 19 May 1789	137
To St. John de Crèvecoeur, 20 May 1789	139
To Moustier, 20 May 1789	141
To Maria Cosway, 21 May 1789	142
To Edward Jerningham, 21 May 1789	143
To John Trumbull, 21 May 1789	143
From John Brown Cutting, 22 May 1789	144
From James Rumsey, 22 May 1789	145
From Benjamin Vaughan, 22 May 1789	146
From John Bondfield, 23 May 1789	147
From James Madison, 23 May 1789	147
To Nathaniel Barrett, 24 May 1789	149
To Giovanni Fabbroni, 24 May 1789	149
From Jacob Vernes, 25 May 1789	150
From Lucy Ludwell Paradise, 26 May 1789	151
From John Trumbull, 26 May 1789	151
From La Brissanne, 27 May 1789	152
From James Madison, 27 May 1789	153
From Parent, 27 May 1789	155
From De Lormerie, 28 May [1789]	155
From Peter Carr, 29 May 1789	155
From John Trumbull, 29 May 1789	157
From John Trumbull, 29 May 1789	157
From Jacob Vernes, 29 May 1789	158
From D. Lamy, 30 May 1789	159
From John Brown Cutting, [30 May 1789]	159
From Rodolphe Tillier, May 1789	160
To Edward Bancroft, 1 June 1789	160
To William Jones, 1 June 1789	161
To Lucy Ludwell Paradise, 1 June 1789	162
To John Trumbull, 1 June 1789	163
From Lucy Ludwell Paradise, 2 June 1789	164
To Lafayette, 3 June 1789	165
From Lafayette, [before 3 June 1789]	166
To Rabaut de St. Etienne, 3 June 1789	166
Draft of a Charter of Rights, 3 June 1789	167
From D. Alexandre, 5 June 1789	169
From James Rumsey, 6 June 1789	170
To Charles Louis Clérisseau, 7 June 1789	172
To John Brown Cutting, 7 June 1789	173
From Jacob Gerrit Diriks, 7 June 1789	173
[From Pierre Simon Duvivier, 7 June 1789]	174
From Edward Haskell, 8 June 1789	174
From Paul Cahierre, 9 June 1789	174
From John Brown Cutting, 9 June 1789	175
To Grand & Cie., 9 June 1789	176
From John Trumbull, 11 June 1789	176
To Lafayette, 12 June 1789	179
From James Madison, 13 June 1789	180
From Richard O'Bryen, 13 June 1789	181
From Benjamin Vaughan, [ca. 14 June 1789]	182
To Edward Bancroft, 15 June 1789	183
To Paul Cahierre, 15 June 1789	183
To Richard Curson, 15 June 1789	184
To Jacob Gerrit Diriks, 15 June 1789	184
From François Cointeraux, 16 June 1789	184
From Benjamin Huger, 16 June 1789	186
From Souche, 16 June 1789	187
To John Jay, 17 June 1789	187
Enclosure: Caractere de Monsiery Neckar, 17 June 1789	191
From Thomas Paine, 17 June 1789	193
To James Madison, 18 June 1789	194
Enclosure: Extract of Proceedings of the National Assembly, 17 June 1789	197
From Thomas Paine, 18 June 1789	197
To David Ramsay, 18 June 1789	199
To John Trumbull, 18 June 1789	199
From Edward Bancroft, 19 June 1789	200
From C. W. F. Dumas to William Short, 19 June 1789	201
From John Jay, 19 June 1789	202
From Cavelier, fils, 20 June 1789	203
To Dugald Stewart, 21 June 1789	204
To John Trumbull, 21 June 1789	205
From Gaetano Drago, 22 June 1789	205
To John Jay, 24 June 1789	205
From Moustier, 24 June 1789	210
From Alexander McCaul, 25 June 1789	212
From Stephen Cathalan, Jr., 26 June 1789	213
From John Trumbull, 26 June 1789	214
To John Bondfield, 27 June 1789	218
To J. G. Streckensen, 27 June 1789	219
From Veuve David & fils, 29 June 1789	220
To John Jay, 29 June 1789	221
To Amand Koenig, 29 June 1789	223
To John Trumbull, 29 June 1789	224
From James Madison, 30 June 1789	224
From Lucy Ludwell Paradise, 30 June 1789	229
Lafayette's Draft of a Declaration of Rights, June 1789	230
From Dalzan, 1 July 1789	233
From James I. Brossier, 2 July 1789	237
From Veuve Limozin & fils, 2 July 1789	237
To Jean Dominique de Cassini, 3 July 1789	237
To Jean Antoine Houdon, 3 July 1789	238
A Fourth of July Tribute to Jefferson, 4 July 1789	239
From Edward Limozin, 5 July 1789	241
To John Paradise, 5 July 1789	242
The Mirabeau Incident, Editorial Note, 6 July 1789	243
I. Lafayette to Jefferson, 6 July 1789	249
II. Jefferson to Lafayette, 6 July 1789	250
III. Brac de la Perrière to Jefferson, 7 July 1789	250
Enclosure: Etats des Bleds et farines…, 7 July 1789	251
IV. Jefferson to Lafayette, 7 July 1789	251
V. Jefferson to Lafayette, 7 July 1789	252
VI. Jefferson to Montmorin, 8 July 1789	253
VII. Jefferson to Necker, 8 July 1789	253
VIII. Montmorin to Jefferson, 8 July 1789	254
IX. Lafayette to Jefferson, [8 July 1789]	254
X. Lafayette to Jefferson, [9 July 1789]	255
XI. Jefferson to Lafayette, 9 July 1789	255
XII. Jefferson to Lafayette, 10 July 1789	256
From William Jones Dawson, 6 July 1789	256
From Nicolas & Jacob van Staphorst, 6 July 1789	257
From Madame d'Houdetot, 7 July 1789	259
From Amand Koenig, 8 July 1789	260
To Montmorin, 8 July 1789	260
From Chardon, 10 July 1789	261
From James Swan, 10 July 1789	261
Enclosure: Propositions pour fournir une certaine quantité de Bois de construction…, 10 July 1789	262
From John Trumbull, 10 July 1789	263
From John Bondfield, 11 July 1789	264
From John Brown Cutting, 11 July 1789	264
From John Mason, 11 July 1789	265
From George C. Morgan, 11 July 1789	266
To Thomas Paine, 11 July 1789	266
To Edward Bancroft, 12 July 1789	270
To Richard Price, 12 July 1789	271
To Madame Denise Broutin, 13 July 1789	272
To Thomas Paine, 13 July 1789	273
From Thomas Paine, 13 July 1789	274
To Lucy Ludwell Paradise, 13 July 1789	275
From John Trumbull, 14 July 1789	275
To John Bondfield, 16 July 1789	276
To John Brown Cutting, 16 July 1789	277
To John Mason, 16 July 1789	277
From Madame Denise Broutin, 17 July 1789	278
To Thomas Paine, 17 July 1789	279
To Richard Price, 17 July 1789	279
From Madame d'Houdetot, 18 July 1789	281
From Lucy Ludwell Paradise, 18 July 1789	281
To the Abbé Arnoux, 19 July 1789	282
From Frimont de Barail, 19 July 1789	283
To John Jay, 19 July 1789	284
From the Archbishop of Bordeaux, 20 July 1789	291
From Edward Bancroft, 21 July 1789	292
From John Brown Cutting, 21 July 1789	293
From John Fraser, 21 July 1789	296
From John Trumbull, 21 July 1789	297
To the Archbishop of Bordeaux, 22 July 1789	298
From C. W. F. Dumas, 22 July 1789	298
To James Madison, 22 July 1789	299
To John Jay, 23 July 1789	301
To Thomas Paine, 23 July 1789	302
From Cavelier fils, 24 July 1789	303
From Diodati, 24 July 1789	303
From C. W. F. Dumas, 24 July 1789	305
To Maria Cosway, 25 July 1789	305
To Sir John Sinclair, 25 July 1789	306
To Lord Wycombe, 25 July 1789	306
To William Carmichael, 26 July 1789	307
To Giovanni Fabbroni, 26 July 1789	308
To Benjamin Huger, 26 July 1789	308
From Ruellan & Cie., 26 July 1789	309
[To Souche, 27 July 1789]	309
To Stephen Cathalan, Jr., 27 July 1789	310
To Cavelier fils, 27 July 1789	310
To Veuve David & fils, 27 July 1789	311
To C. W. F. Dumas, 27 July 1789	311
To Edward Limozin, 27 July 1789	312
From Jacob Vernes, 27 July 1789	313
From Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 27 July 1789	313
To John Jay, 29 July 1789	314
To James Madison, 29 July 1789	315
To James I. Brossier, 30 July 1789	316
To C. W. F. Dumas, 30 July 1789	317
To Ruellan & Cie., 30 July 1789	317
From Madame Plumard de Bellanger, 31 July 1789	318
Houdon's Proposals Concerning an Equestrian Statue of Washington [ca. July 1789?]	319
Houdon: Proposal I	319
Houdon: Proposal II	320
[From Grand & Cie., 1 August 1789]	320
[From Brissot de Warville, 2 August 1789]	321
From Stephen Cathalan, Jr., 2 August 1789	321
James Madison to Wilson Cary Nicholas (not to Jefferson), 2 August 1789	324
To Diodati, 3 August 1789	325
To Messrs. Robert & Hugh Ingram, 3 August 1789	327
To Alexander McCaul, 3 August 1789	327
From Richard Price, 3 August 1789	329
To John Trumbull, 3 August 1789	331
To Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 3 August 1789	331
To Edward Bancroft, 5 August 1789	332
To John Jay, 5 August 1789	333
To John Trumbull, 5 August 1789	335
From Cavelier fils, 7 August 1789	336
To William Carmichael, 9 August 1789	336
From Maria Cosway, 9 August 1789	339
From Messrs. Robert & Hugh Ingram, 10 August 1789	339
To John Jay, 12 August 1789	339
From William Carmichael, 13 August 1789	340
From Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 13 August 1789	342
From Veuve David & Fils, 14 August 1789	344
To Cambray, 15 August 1789	345
To Jean Baptiste de Gouvion, 15 August 1789	346
To La Lande, 15 August 1789	346
To Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 15 August 1789	347
From Cambray, 17 August 1789	347
To Nicolas & Jacob van Staphorst, 17 August 1789	348
From C. W. F. Dumas, 18 August 1789	349
To Messrs. Robert & Hugh Ingram, 18 August 1789	349
To Amand Koenig, 18 August 1789	350
From Lucy Ludwell Paradise, 18 August 1789	350
From Maria Cosway, 19 August 1789	351
To Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 19 August 1789	352
From Edward Bancroft, 21 August 1789	352
From Robert Crew, 21 August 1789	353
From James I. Brossier, [25 August 1789]	354
From Lafayette, [25 August 1789]	354
From Royez, 25 August 1789	356
To John Jay, 27 August 1789	356
From James Swan, 27 August 1789	361
To Madame de Tessé, 27 August 1789	363
To James Madison, 28 August 1789	364
From Frimont de Barail, 29 August 1789	369
To Francis Eppes, 29 August 1789	370
[To Charles Pinckney, 29 August 1789]	370
From Madame de Tessé, 29 August 1789	371
To John Bondfield, 30 August 1789	371
To Stephen Cathalan, Jr., 30 August 1789	372
To Nathaniel Cutting, 30 August 1789	373
To John Jay, 30 August 1789	373
[To Lafayette, 30 August 1789]	374
From Kyran Hoyne, [31 August 1789]	374
List of Baggage Shipped by Jefferson from France, [ca. 1 September 1789]	375
From Collow Frères, Carmichael & Co., 1 September 1789	378
To Nathaniel Cutting, 1 September 1789	378
From Lucy Ludwell Paradise, [ca. 1 September 1789]	379
From François Cointeraux, 2 September 1789	379
From Nathaniel Cutting, 3 September 1789	380
From James Swan, 3 September 1789	381
To James Swan, 4 [September] 1789	382
From John Bondfield, 5 September 1789	383
From John Gallwey, 5 September 1789	383
The Earth Belongs in Usufruct to the Living, Editorial Note, 6 September 1789	384
I. Proposition Submitted by Richard Gem, [ca. 1–6 September 1789]	391
II. Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 6 September 1789	392
III. Thomas Jefferson to Richard Gem, [9 September 1789]	398
From Noailles, [7? September 1789]	399
From John Trumbull, 7 September 1789	400
From John Bondfield, 8 September 1789	400
From John Brown Cutting, 8 September 1789	401
From John Mason, 8 September 1789	402
From Lucy Ludwell Paradise, 8 September 1789	402
From James Rumsey, 8 September 1789	403
To Francisco Chiappe, 9 September 1789	405
To James Lackington, 9 September 1789	406
From James Maurice, 9 September 1789	406
To John Trumbull, 9 September 1789	407
To Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 9 September 1789	407
To Cambray, 10 September 1789	407
From Stephen Cathalan, Jr., 10 September 1789	408
To Collow, Frères, Carmichael & Co., 10 September 1789	410
To Robert Crew, 10 September 1789	410
To John Brown Cutting, 10 September 1789	411
To Nathaniel Cutting, 10 September 1789	411
To Lucy Ludwell Paradise, 10 September 1789	412
To James Rumsey, 10 September 1789	413
To Maria Cosway, 11 September 1789	413
From John Brown Cutting, 11 September 1789	414
To Henry Lee, 11 September 1789	415
From James Maurice, 11 September 1789	416
From Rochambeau, 11 September 1789	416
From John Trumbull, 11 September 1789	417
To William Carmichael, 12 September 1789	418
From Condorcet, [12 September 1789]	419
From Nathaniel Cutting, 12 September 1789	419
To C. W. F. Dumas, 12 September 1789	421
[From Pierre Samuel Dupont, 12 September 1789]	421
To Henry Knox, 12 September 1789	421
To Francis Coffyn and Others, 13 September 1789	423
To Madame d'Houdetot, 13 September 1789	423
To Thomas Paine, 13 September 1789	424
To Richard Price, 13 September 1789	425
To Benjamin Vaughan, 13 September 1789	425
To John Trumbull, 14 September 1789	426
From John Brown Cutting, 15 September 1789	427
To Nathaniel Cutting, 15 September 1789	428
From Thomas Paine, 15 September 1789	429
To Père Chauvier, 16 September 1789	430
From Madame d'Houdetot, 16 September 1789	431
To William Ludlam, 16 September 1789	432
To John Mason, 16 September 1789	432
To James Maurice, 16 September 1789	433
From John Paradise, 16 September 1789	434
To John Trumbull, 16 September 1789	435
To Nathaniel Cutting, 17 September 1789	436
To John Jay, 17 September 1789	436
To James Madison, 17 September 1789	438
To Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 17 September 1789	438
From Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 17 September 1789	439
To John Churchman, 18 September 1789	439
From John Brown Cutting, 18 September 1789	440
From C. W. F. Dumas, 18 September 1789	443
To Ralph Izard, 18 September 1789	443
Documents on the Rice Trade, Editorial Note, [18 September 1789]	445
I. Sources and Amounts of Rice Imports into France, 1788	446
II. Notes on Cost of Shipping Rice, &c., 1787	447
III. Notes Comparing Carolina Rice with that of Piedmont, [ca. September 1786]	447
From Thomas Paine, 18 September 1789	449
To David Ramsay, 18 September 1789	450
From Rayneval, 18 September 1789	451
To Edward Rutledge, 18 September 1789	451
From John Trumbull, 18 September 1789	453
From Madame d'Enville, 19 September 1789	454
To John Jay, 19 September 1789	454
Enclosure: From Perrin to Chauvier, 19 August 1789	461
From Montmorin, 19 September 1789	462
From Van Damme, 20 September 1789	462
From James Maurice, 21 September 1789	462
To Charles Pinckney, 21 September 1789	463
From John Bondfield, 22 September 1789	464
From John Brown Cutting, 22 September 1789	465
From James Rumsey, 22 September 1789	467
From John Trumbull, 22 September 1789	467
To John Brown Cutting, 24 September 1789	469
From Grand & Cie., 24 September 1789	470
To John Trumbull, 24 September 1789	471
From Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 24 September 1789	471
Enclosure: Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard to the Commissioners of the Treasury, 11 September 1789	474
To Edward Bancroft, 25 September 1789	476
To William Bingham, 25 September 1789	476
From Nathaniel Cutting, 25 September 1789	477
From Paul Jodrell, 25 September 1789	478
To Imbert de la Platière, 25 September 1789	478
From De Lormerie, 25 September 1789	478
From James Maurice, 25 September 1789	479
To John Paradise, 25 September 1789	479
To Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 25 September 1789	479
From Nathaniel Cutting, 26 September 1789	480
To Jacques Necker, 26 September 1789	481
From De Valady, 26 September 1789	483
Passports Issued by Jefferson, 1785–1789, [September 1789]	483
Jefferson's Form Letter for Refusing Requests for Use of his Influence, [1784–1789]	487
From Walter Boyd, 28 September 1789	487
Memoir on Salt by the Farmers-General, [ca. 29 September 1789]	488
Extract from the Diary of Nathaniel Cutting at Le Havre and Cowes, [28 September–12 October 1789]	490
From John Brown Cutting, 30 September 1789	499
To John Jay, 30 September 1789	501
To Walter Boyd, 1 October 1789	503
From John Trumbull, 3 October 1789	503
From James Rumsey, 4 October 1789	504
To William Short, 4 October 1789	506
From Benjamin Hawkins, 6 October 1789	506
To William Jones, 7 October 1789	507
From Lucy Ludwell Paradise, 7 October 1789	508
To William Short, 7 October 1789	508
From James Madison, 8 October 178[9]	509
From William Short, 8 October 1789	510
From Maria Cosway, 9 October 1789	513
From Bayard de La Vingtrie, 9 October 1789	514
From John Brown Cutting, [10 October 1789]	514
From John Trumbull, 10 October 1789	515
Enclosure: John Trumbull to William Pitt, 24 September 1789	517
From Nathaniel Cutting, [12 October 1789]	518
From George Washington, 13 October 1789	519
To Madame de Corny, 14 October 1789	520
To Maria Cosway, 14 October 1789	521
To Grand & Cie., 14 October 1789	521
To Thomas Paine, 14 October 1789	522
To James Rumsey, 14 October 1789	522
To Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 14 October 1789	523
To John Brown Cutting, 17 October 1789	523
To John Jay, 17 October 1789	524
To William Short, 17 October 1789	524
From Thomas Handy, 20 October 1789	525
To Daniel Parker, 20 October 1789	526
To Grand & Cie., 21 October 1789	526
To Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 21 October 1789	527
To William Short, 23 October 1789	527
From Joseph Fielding, 28 October 1789	528
From James Madison, 1 November 1789	528
From Fulwar Skipwith, 1 November 1789	529
John Brown Cutting to William Short, 3 November 1789	529
From William Short, 3 November 1789	530
From Jacob Vernes, 3 November 1789	538
Enclosure: Jacob Vernes to Brailsford & Morris, 4 November 1789	543
From Jacob Vernes, 3 November 1789	545
From C. W. F. Dumas, 15 November 1789	545
Jefferson's Memorandum for Nathaniel Colley, 16 November 1789	546
From Thomas Delaire, 17 November 1789	547
From William Short, 19 November 1789	547
[From Van Dale, 19 November 1789]	551
To Nathaniel Cutting, 21 November 1789	551
To William Short, 21 November 1789	552
To John Jay, 23 November 1789	553
From Madame de Corny, 25 November 1789	554
Address of Welcome of the Officials of Norfolk, 25 November 1789	556
Jefferson's Reply to the Foregoing Address of Welcome, 25 November 1789	556
From William Short, 25 November 1789	558
To John Trumbull, 25 November 1789	559
From John Trumbull, 26 November 1789	561
From Wilson Miles Cary, 27 November 1789	561
From James Currie, 27 November 1789	562
From Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 28 November 1789	562
From Edward Dowse, 29 November 1789	563
From William Short, 30 November 1789	563

SUPPLEMENTARY DOCUMENTS
Down to the Year 1789
To Samuel Inglis, 19 October 1772	571
To the Rev. Charles Clay, 21 May 1773	571
From the Rev. James Madison, [1773?]	572
From Francis Eppes, 10 November 1775	572
From John Walker, [ca. October 1775]	573
From Francis Eppes, 27 May 1776	574
From Francis Eppes, 3 June 1776	575
From Francis Eppes, 3 July 1776	576
To Richard Henry Lee, 16 July 1776	577
Jefferson's Outline of Argument Concerning Insubordination of Esek Hopkins, 12 August 1776	578
[From Thomson Mason, 21 August 1776]	582
Jefferson's Militia Return as County Lieutenant, [ca. 1776]	583
From the Marine Committee of Congress, 25 June 1779	583
Commission for Harry Innes, 29 September 1779	583
Petition of James McClurg to the Governor and Council of Virginia, 18 October 1779	584
From Benjamin Lincoln, 24 January 1780	585
From Benjamin Lincoln, 30 January 1780	586
To William Short, 1 June 1780	586
To John Fitzgerald, 9 June 1780	587
From Francis Lewis, 19 June 1780	587
To the County Lieutenant of Berkeley, 21 June 1780	588
To William Campbell, 22 June 1780	588
To William Preston, 22 June 1780	589
To the Commissioners of the Specific Tax for Albemarle County, 26 June 1780	590
To [James Buchanan?], 30 June 1780	592
To the Commissioners of the Specific Tax for Albemarle County, 13 July 1780	592
To John Page, 29 October 1780	593
To the County Lieutenant of Berkeley, 2 November 1780	594
To Commissioners of the Specific Tax for Albemarle County, 14 November 1780	594
From Arthur Campbell, 27 November 1780	596
From Arthur Campbell, 5 December 1780	596
From Arthur Lee, 15 December 1780	598
To the Virginia Delegates in Congress, 18 December 1780	598
To Samuel Griffin, 31 December 1780	599
[To Steuben, ca. 15 January 1781]	599
To George Muter, 4 February 1781	600
To George Muter, [11 February 1781]	601
From Thomas Nelson, Jr., 15 February 1781	601
From George Weedon, 4 March 1781	602
From La Luzerne, 23 March 1781	602
To the Commissioners of the Tax for Albemarle County, 26 March 1781	603
From Mann Page, 27 March 1781	604
From the Rev. James Madison, 3 April 1781	605
From Richard Henry Lee, 9 April 1781	606
From Thomas Nelson, Jr., 10 April 1781	607
From George Weedon, 9 May 1781	607
To James Wood, 6 January 1783	608
To Robert Morris, 15 August 1783	608
From Robert Morris, 9 September 1783	609
From George Rogers Clark, 8 February 1784	609
From James McClurg, 12 April 1784	610
From Martha Jefferson Carr, 15 April 1784	612
From Philip Mazzei, [ca. June 1784]	613
To John Stockdale, 1 September 1784	615
From Francis Eppes, 16 September 1784	615
E. Brush to the American Commissioners, 4 February 1785	616
From Martha Jefferson Carr, 6 May 1785	618
From Ferdinand Grand, 8 July 1785	619
To Martha Jefferson Carr, 20 August 1785	620
To Francis Eppes, 30 August 1785	621
From Francis Eppes, 14 September 1785	623
To Elizabeth Wayles Eppes, 22 September 1785	624
From Francis Eppes, 11 April 1786	625
To Lucy Necks, 18 April 1786	626
From Martha Jefferson Carr, 5 May 1786	626
From Francis Eppes, 23 May 1786	628
From Elizabeth Wayles Eppes, 30 July 1786	628
From Ferdinand Grand, 23 August [1786]	629
From Madame de Lafayette, 26 [August 1786]	630
From Francis Eppes, 31 August 1786	631
From Francis Eppes, 30 October 1786	632
From Martha Jefferson Carr, 2 January 1787	632
From Martha Jefferson Carr, 26 February 1787	634
From Buffon, 27 March 1787	635
From Francis Eppes, 14 April 1787	636
From Martha Jefferson Carr, 27 April 1787	636
From Elizabeth Wayles Eppes, 7 May 1787	637
To Andrew Ramsay, 2 July 1787	637
To Martha Jefferson, 6 July [1787]	638
From Ann Randolph, 3 November 1787	638
From Martha Jefferson Carr, 3 December 1787	639
From John Fitch, 14 April 1788	641
The Debt to Farell & Jones and the Slave Ship The Prince of Wales, Editorial Note, 9 May 1770-30 December 1790	642
I. John Wayles to John Thompson, 9 May 1770	649
II. Farell & Jones to John Wayles, 16 December 1771	649
III. Farell & Jones to John Wayles, 3 February 1772	651
IV. Farell & Jones to Wayles & Randolph, 3 February 1772	651
V. Farell & Jones to Wayles & Randolph, 6 April 1772	652
VI. John Wayles to Farell & Jones, 14 May 1772	653
VII. John Wayles to Farell & Jones, 24 September 1772	653
VIII. Sales of Slaves Imported in The Prince of Wales, [September–December 1772]	654
IX. John Wayles to James Bivins, 25 January 1773	655
X. Farell & Jones to Richard Randolph, 18 February 1773	656
XI. Farell & Jones to Wayles & Randolph, 23 April 1773	656
XII. Thomas Jefferson to Farell & Jones, 9 July 1773	657
XIII. Farell & Jones to Thomas Jefferson, 30 July 1773	662
XIV. Farell & Jones to Richard Randolph, 30 July 1773	662
XV. Farell & Jones to Richard Randolph, 23 September 1773	663
XVI. Farell & Jones to Richard Randolph, 10 December 1773	664
XVII. Farell & Jones to Richard Randolph, 10 August 1774	666
XVIII. Farell & Jones to Wayles & Randolph, 10 August 1774	667
XIX. Farell & Jones to Richard Randolph, 15 December 1774	667
XX. Farell & Jones to Richard Randolph, 27 January 1775	668
XXI. Farell & Jones to Richard Randolph, 10 March 1775	670
XXII. Thomas Jefferson to Jerman Baker, 26 June 1778	670
XXIII. State of Farell & Jones' Judgment against John Randolph, [19 December 1778]	672
XXIV. William Jones to Richard Randolph, 31 May 1783	672
XXV. Memorandum of Agreement between Richard Hanson and Executors of John Wayles, [7 February 1790]	674
XXVI. William Jones to Richard Hanson, 30 December 1790	676

Index

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Selected Documents

6 September 1789

The Earth Belongs in Usufruct to the Living

Writing to James Madison from Paris, Jefferson presents a detailed argument that “the earth belongs always to the living generation.”

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