"S" (pseudonym)
letter from, 294
urges days of fasting and prayer, 294
saddlers, 720
Sailly, Peter, 709
St. Clair, Arthur
absence of, 505n
animosity toward TJ, 635-6
appointments and removals by, 358-9, 360n, 379, 570-1, 606-7, 623
charges against, 355, 357-61, 377, 378-81, 568-72, 604-8, 622-4
and creation of new counties, 357-8, 378, 569, 604, 622, 624n
criticized as aristocratic, antirepublican, 380, 571, 607, 623
defeat by Indians in 1791, 636n
fees claimed by, 359-60, 378-80, 568, 569-70, 605, 608n, 622-3
powers granted to, by Northwest Ordinance, 357-8, 568-9, 604
riot at lodgings of, 607, 608n
salary, 379
successor for, 380-1, 505
See also Northwest Territory
St. Clair, Arthur, Jr.
appointed attorney general of Northwest Terr., 358, 379, 570-1, 623-4, 635, 636n
St. Clair, Daniel, 635-6
Saint-Cloud, France, 483, 485n
St. Croix, W.I., 92, 133n, 234-5n
St. Domingo Packet, 428n, 521, 575
Saint-Domingue, W.I.
arms supplied to, 452-3, 455-6, 457n, 575
coffee plantations, 130n
commercial agents at, 235n, 428n
French expeditionary force to, 25, 27n, 91, 93, 266, 365-6, 427-8, 479, 498, 524n, 600
insurrection, 68, 91, 92-3, 98, 153, 427, 574, 600, 659
and Jamaica, 457n, 479
refugees from, 239n, 291n
requests to travel to, 130-1
secret treaty with Britain and U.S., 452-3, 455-6, 457n
seizure of U.S. vessels at, 427-8, 453, 455-6, 463-4, 484n
U.S. trade with, 25-6, 320, 322, 365, 427, 428n, 453, 456, 576n
yellow fever, 600n
See also Cap-Français, Saint-Domingue; Port-au-Prince (Port Républicain), Saint-Domingue
St. Lawrence River, 369, 374, 419
St. Marks, W. Fla., 8n
Saint-Martin, Louis Claude de
Aurore naissante, 305
De l'esprit des choses, 305
St. Mary's (galley), 52, 53n
Saint Marys River, 7, 8n
Saint-Mémin, Charles Balthazar Julien Févret de, 471n
St. Petersburg, Russia, 425-6, 489, 490n
St. Regis Indians. See Indians: Mohawks
Sally (sloop), 324n
Salmon, Thomas
Abrégé chronologique de l'histoire d'Angleterre, 232
Compleat Collection of State-Tryals, 230
saltpeter, 454, 457, 458n
Saluda River, 96
Samadet & Cushing (Marseilles), 306, 307
Sammons, Thomas, 516, 517n
Sands, Comfort, 402
Sands, Joshua, 461n, 514, 517
Sanford, Nathan, 516, 577, 698, 704, 709
San Ildefonso, Treaty of (1800), 501n
San Marcos, W. Fla. See St. Marks, W. Fla.
Sansay, Leonora
identified, 130-1n
letter from, 130-1
requests letter of protection, 130-1
Sansay, Louis, 130n
Santiago, Cuba, 293-4
Santoran, Susannah
asks TJ for money, 74-5
letter from, 74-5
Sargent, Winthrop
investigated by House of Representatives, 359-60
opposes Claiborne, 3, 5n
Political Intolerance, 19-20, 319
replaced as governor, 19-20, 360
secretary of Northwest Terr., 359-60
Saunders, Samuel Hyde, 89n
Savage, Edward
account with TJ, 361
letter from, 361
letters to, 149, 572-3
TJ orders frames from, 149, 361, 572-3
Savannah, Ga., 128, 392-3, 634n, 711
Savannah River, 95, 128
Sawyer, Frederick B., 314, 324n, 325, 341, 343n, 348
Sawyer, Joseph, 325, 326n
Sawyer, Mr. (Washington, D.C.), 145
Saxony, 496
Sayre, Stephen
claims for compensation, 109-11, 558-9
letters from, 109-11, 558-9
seeks appointment, 109-11, 449, 450n, 464, 558-9
Scapula, Johann
Lexicon Graeco-Latinum novum, 232
Schardius, Simon
De varia temporum in iure civili observatione . . . libellus. Item: Leges Rhodiorum navales . . ., 230
Schlegel, Johan Frederik Wilhelm
Neutral Rights, 230
Schomberg, Alexander Crowcher
Treatise on the Maritime Laws of Rhodes, 230
Schuyler, Fort, 195n
Schuylkill Arsenal, 108n
Scobell, Henry
Memorials, 231
Scotland, 318n, 343n, 363, 393n
Scott, Alexander, 578, 579n, 699, 717
Scott, Edward, 711
Scott, Gustavus, 401, 548n, 586, 604n
Scott, John (Md.), 699, 705, 709
Scriptores de Jure Nautico (Johann Gottleib Heineccius), 230
sculpture, 73-4, 101-2, 218n
Seagrave, Artis, 692n
sea letters. See passports
Sedgwick, Theodore, 359
Sedition Act (1798)
expiration of, 296, 297n
persecutions, prosecutions under, 341-3
Seitz, John A., 402, 578, 698, 706, 710
Selden, John
Of the Judicature in Parliaments, 231
Sellers, Coleman, 596n
Sellers, David, 596n
Sellers, Nathan, 596
Sellers, Sophonisba Peale, 596n
Sellman (Sillman), John, 550, 551, 552n
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus
Oeuvres, xi, 156, 183n, 197, 233, 234
Seneca Indians. See Indians: Senecas
Sergeant, John, 577, 578n, 698, 705, 709
Sermon Delivered Before the New-York Missionary Society (Samuel Miller), 579-80
Sermon Preached in Randolph, June 3, 1801, at the Ordination of the Rev. Mr. Tilton Eastman (John Smith), 424n
serpentine (mineral), 573
servants
accused of theft, malconduct, 331-2, 475
clothing for, 340-1, 470, 471
coachmen, 619
cooks, 442n, 619n
doormen, 470, 471
duties of, 470, 471
footmen, 442n
illiteracy among, 475
porters, 463
qualities desired by TJ in, 463
stewards, 441-2n, 610, 611n
valets, 469-70, 471
wages, 442n, 470, 471, 472n, 536
See also President's House
Sète (Cette), France, 185, 186, 699
"Seven Friends" (David Fergusson)
advice on public auctions, 70-1n
Several Essays in Political Arithmetick (Sir William Petty), 231
Sewell, John, 561
sextants, 108-9n, 220, 327, 329n
Seymour, Henry, 708
Seymour, Horatio, 708
Shackleford, Richard, 473, 474, 503
Shakespeare, William
Julius Caesar, 78
Shannon, Richard Cutts, 707
Shannonhouse, James L., 314n, 325, 341, 343n, 348
Sharp, Granville, 533n
Sheaff, Henry
letters from cited, 655n, 715, 717
letters to cited, 655n, 715
letter to, 655
sells wine to TJ, 200, 201n, 655
shears, 682
Shee, John, 6n
sheep, 332n, 452, 455, 674n
Sheldon, James, 376
Sherburne, John Samuel, 689n, 703
Sherburne, Samuel, 703
Shindle (Shindel), Peter, 75
Shinn, Isaiah, 691-2, 709
shipbuilding, 112
Shiply, Rezin, 140n
shipwrecks, 133n
shoes, 477n
Shore, Samuel, 593, 595n
Short, Peyton, 652n
Short, William
business affairs, 47, 79, 177-8, 287-91, 439, 476, 652
canal shares of, 289
forwards request for seeds, 177, 179n, 481n
and Houdon, 74n
letter from, 177-8
letter to, 287-91
and Madame de Tessé, 480-1
P. S. Du Pont carries letters to, 332, 334n
salary due to, 50-1, 81-2, 178, 288-9, 291n
sends books to TJ, 290, 291n
tenants, 289-91, 472-4, 503-4
TJ's debt to, 290
as TJ's secretary in Paris, xlvii
Va. lands, 289-91, 472-4
Sibbald, George
Notes and Observations on the Pine Lands of Georgia, 66-7, 95, 98, 127
Siberia, 489-90
Sicily, 501n
Sierra Leone Company, 532-3, 588-9
Silhouette, Étienne de
Mémoires des commissaires du roi et de ceux de sa Majesté Britannique, 229
silk, 26, 340, 636-47
silver, xlvii, 73, 74n, 451
Sim, Patrick (Md.), 596
Sim, William, 596
Simmons, William, 197n, 528, 529n
Simons, James, 662-3
Sinclair, Sir John
Essay on Longevity, 537
History of the Public Revenue of the British Empire, 231
letter from, 536-7
Letters from His Excellency George Washington, 536-7
“Plan of the New Town of Thurso,” 537
sends engraving, writings to TJ, 536-7
urges establishment of board of agriculture, 537
Sitgreaves, John, 187
Skinner, Richard, 708
Skipwith, Fulwar, 240n, 414n
Skipwith, Henry (TJ's brother-in-law), 47
Slacum, George, 170, 181
slate, 694, 695
Slate Run Church (Va.), 384, 385, 535
slavery
abolition writings, societies, 507n
emancipation and manumission, 532, 533n, 588-9
and Great Britain, 532-3
in Jamaica, 479
in Miss. Terr., 128-30, 133
not adaptable to scientific agriculture, 15
reestablished by France, 484n
in southern states, 69, 92-3
in southwest territory, 344n
in Va., 14-15
in W. Indies, 14-15, 25-6, 68-9, 92-3, 239-40n, 484n
slaves
children, 619n
climate's impact on, xii, 15
clothing for, 340, 341n, 479
as cooks, 619n
and cotton cultivation, xii, 15, 65, 67, 95-6, 97
enumeration of, 23, 53
Gabriel's insurrection, 298, 589n
hiring of, 66, 67n, 341n
household, 16
importation of, 128, 130n
lost during American Revolution, 532
as nursemaids, 299, 535, 647
ongoing threat of insurrection by, 25-6, 68-9, 92-3, 128, 129n, 130n, 133-4, 335, 336n, 426, 468
paternalism toward, 14-15, 97
price of, 96
provisions for, 97, 479
relocation of T. M. Randolph's, xii, 14-16, 64-7, 95-6, 97-8, 133
removal of, from Guadeloupe, 239-40n
removal of condemned, from Va., 153, 468-9, 531-3, 588-9
runaways, 139n
and smallpox vaccination, 442-3
See also blacks; Jefferson, Thomas: Slaveholder
slave trade
arrest, prosecution of participants in, 199-200, 648
in Md., 388n
in R.I., 199-200, 648
violations of, 199-200, 388n
in W. Indies, 93
Sleidanus, Johannes
Abrégé chronologique de l'histoire universelle, 232
Small, Abraham, 316
smallpox
growing popularity of vaccination, 68, 291, 310-11, 431, 563
impact of, on Indians, 565, 566n
methods of vaccination, 364, 442-3
opposition to vaccination, 291
preparation and transportation of vaccine matter, 431, 434n, 563
publications on, 291-2
TJ's vaccination experiments, 310-11, 364-5, 442-3
Smellie, William, 551, 552n
Smith, Adam
Wealth of Nations, 231
Smith, Alexander, 154
Smith, Campbell, 144, 155-6
Smith, Daniel
letter from cited, 609n, 718
Smith, Edward Darrell, 504
Smith, George W., 510, 511n, 578, 699, 705, 710
Smith, Henry, 458
Smith, James (Scotland, France)
Manière de bonifier parfaitement, 431-4, 559-61, 563n
Smith, Jeremiah, 462-3
Smith, John (N.H.)
identified, 424n
letter to, 423-4
Newhampshire Latin Grammar, 423-4
sends books to TJ, 423-4
Smith, John (N.Y.), 516, 704
Smith, John (Pa.), 85-6
Smith, John Cotton, 62
Smith, Jonathan, 616, 617n
Smith, Jonathan (N.H.), 703
Smith, Josiah (Mass.)
advises on appointments, 555-6
appointed commissioner of bankruptcy, 703, 707
identified, 555n
letter from, 555-6
Smith, Ludlam, 361n
Smith, Merriman, 692n
Smith, O'Brien, 478n
Smith, Raphael, 302n
Smith, Robert
advises on appointments, 248-9, 302, 701, 705, 706n
and the Berceau, 239-40n
and expenditures by navy agents, 420
forwards commissions, warrants, 24, 71, 140, 345, 416, 429-30, 485-6, 596
and John Rush, 68
letter from cited, 248-9n, 714
letters from, 24, 71, 121, 140, 150, 160-1, 248-9, 302, 345, 416, 429-30, 485-6, 596, 604-8
letters to, 355, 420, 464
and Marine barracks, 586
orders, instructions to officers, 160-1
and P. Wilson's ship designs, 242
prepares list of clerks, 410n
receives furlough requests, 464
as reference, 303
reinstatement of officers, 121, 150
return to Washington delayed, 16, 427
and S. Humphreys's contract, 116n
and St. Clair, 355, 568, 604-8
and Truxtun's resignation, 160-1
Smith, Samuel (Md.)
acting secretary of the navy, 183, 238n, 248n
advises on appointments, 362, 651-2
and the Berceau, 183, 238n, 240n
forwards letters for TJ, 90
and Indian affairs committee, viii, 12
and John Randolph, 25n
letters from, 25, 362, 651-2
letters to, 12, 660-1
as reference, 303
returns T. Coxe's letters, 25
TJ orders, receives wine from, 306, 307
and Wilkinson, 651-2, 660-1
Smith, Samuel Harrison, 312, 477, 478n, 556, 604n
See also National Intelligencer (Washington)
Smith, Samuel Stanhope, 720
Smith, Thomas
De republica Anglorum, 231
Smith, Thomas (N.Y.), 516
Smith, Thomas Peters, 115n
Smith, William C. (surgeon), 485-6
Smith, William Stephens, 82, 84n
smuggling, 133n, 347n
Smyrna, 205n, 290, 291n, 324, 348
Smyth, Sir Robert, 82-4
Société Royale d'Agriculture de Lyon, 640, 644
Society, Instituted in the State of New York, for the Promotion of Agriculture, Arts, and Manufactures, 172-3, 217, 227, 339, 688
Society for Bettering the Condition of the Poor, 564n
Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce (London), 559, 563n
Society for the Improvement of Naval Architecture, 561, 563-4n
Society of Artists and Manufacturers (Philadelphia), 318n
Sokolnicki, Michel, 49n
Somers, John
Judgment of Whole Kingdoms and Nations, 231
Somersall, Thomas, 513n, 706
Sommerville, William, 398
Songster's Tavern (Va.), 384, 385, 437
Sotin de la Condière, Pierre Jean Marie, 634n
South America, 494-5, 498, 500, 531, 532
Southard, Henry
advises on appointments, 363, 377, 378n, 669, 670n, 691
South Carolina
Agricultural Society of South Carolina, 639, 644, 646n
agriculture in, 513, 638, 643
and American Revolution, 152-3, 645-6n
Cambridge, 96
Camden, 96
Columbia, 12n, 96
commissioners of bankruptcy, 438-9, 450n, 477, 478n, 512, 513n, 699, 706-7n, 711
commissioners of Direct Tax, 23, 53, 152, 189-90
courts, 574n
elections in, 573-4
ferries, 96
installment laws, 192
legislature, 574n
militia, 717
Ninety Six, 96
physicians, 504n
Purysburg, 638, 643, 646n
silk production in, 636-47
viticulture in, 12n
See also Charleston, S.C.; Republicans
South Carolina College, 504n
southern states
agriculture in, 513
fears of slave insurrection in, 69, 92-3, 457n
and Saint-Domingue, 457n
smallpox vaccination in, 311
Southwest Point, Tenn., 144, 155
Spaight, Richard Dobbs, 10
Spain
attends Amiens peace talks, 84n
and the Cabo de Hornos, 236-7, 450-1, 464
cedes Louisiana to France, 264-6, 368-9, 372-3, 494-8, 501n, 620n
colonies of, 494-5, 498, 500, 501n
and Creek Indians, vii-viii, 7-8, 12
declares blockade of Gibraltar, 293n
declares war on Portugal, 494
enlistment of Americans in Spanish militias, 7, 8n, 12
and Etruria, 495
fears growing influence of U.S., 495-7
and Fla., vii-viii, 7-8, 12, 495, 497-8, 501n
learned societies, 232
merino sheep from, 674n
and Mexico, 368-70, 372-4
and Miss. Terr., 320
and New Orleans, 264
newspaper restrictions in, 498
Order of Carlos III, 119n
royal residences in, 500n
and Saint-Domingue, 498
spoliations by, against U.S. ships, 292-4, 673
state of public finances in, 498, 499-500
threat of revolution in, 93
trade with U.S., 500
and western lands, 300n, 344n, 370, 374
See also Cadiz, Spain; Carlos (Charles) IV, King of Spain
Spanish language, 408
Spears, John, 504
Spelman, Henry
English Works, 231
Spelman, Sir Henry
Glossarium Archaiologicum, 230
Spence, John
court-martial of, ix, 54-7
Spencer, Ambrose, 460, 461n
Spencer, Oliver H., 69-70, 715
spies, 11, 12n, 219
spinning wheels, 32
Spotswood, Alexander, 464
Spotswood, George W., 464
Sprigg, Richard, Jr., 554, 579n
Sprigg, William O., 705
Spurck, Peter, 347-8, 394
stagecoaches, 50, 132, 660
Stanford, Richard
letter from cited, 716
Stanford, William
Plees del Cron, 230
Stanhope, Charles (third Earl of Stanhope), 485n
Stanly, John, 10-11n, 395
Stanton, Joseph, Jr.
advises on appointments, 44n, 376, 701, 703, 716
identified, 376n
letter from, 376
letters from cited, 44n, 713, 716
as reference, 44
Starr, Isaac H., 678-9, 705, 709
Starr, Jehosaphat, 704, 708
State, U.S. Department of
appointment of bankruptcy commissioners, xi, 210, 262, 334, 353, 357, 376, 381-2, 383, 398-9, 402-3, 420-1, 430, 438-9, 450n, 462-3, 469, 477, 478n, 510-11, 514, 516, 530, 533, 540, 549, 554, 555n, 558, 577-9, 591-2, 600, 602, 621, 630-1, 657-9, 668, 669-70, 678-9, 688-9, 690-1, 697-700, 701-11
clerks, 408, 410n, 477-8, 493
consular appointments, 17-18, 44, 52, 53n, 98-9, 122, 140n, 205n, 290, 292, 306, 307-8, 324, 348, 526-7, 538, 674n, 699, 700, 716
contracts sought from, 342, 343n
patent office, l
publication of laws, 437, 477
salaries and compensations, 410n, 450n, 469, 505
secretaries of legation, 18, 362, 410-16
uses ciphers, 254, 263-4, 271, 494-502
See also Madison, James; Wagner, Jacob
Statutes at Large from the Magna Charta, to the End of the Eleventh Parliament of Great Britain, Anno 1761 (Danby Pickering), 230
steamboats, 490n
Stebbins, Edward, 711
steel, 597-8, 664
Steele, John (comptroller of Treasury)
and A. McLane, 543n
advises on appointments, 10n
defends conduct as comptroller, 680-1
letter from, 680-1
letter to, 693
and Mentges's claim, 528, 529n
and N. Ingraham's case, 199-200
requests, granted leave of absence, 680-1, 693
and sinking fund, 198
Steele, John (Va.)
candidate for reappointment, 325
death of, rumored, 17, 18n, 98, 99n
removal of, sought, 3-5, 390
Steele, Jonathan, 703
steelyards, 541
Steen, George, 425
Stelle, Pontius D., 696n
Stephen, John, 709
Stephens, William, 19n
Sterne, Laurence
Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, 114n
Steuart, James
Inquiry into the Principles of Political Oeconomy, 231
Stevens, Ebenezer, 133, 143, 144-5
Stevens, Edward
identified, 234-5n
introduces Hebert, 234-5
letter from, 234-5
and Saint-Domingue, 457n
Stevensburg, Va., 384, 385, 535
Stevensburg Academy, 209
Stevenson, George
letter from cited, 718
Stewart, Deborah
identified, 205n
letter from, 204-5
seeks appointment for son, 204-5
Stewart, John (Pa.)
advises on appointments, 85n
letter from cited, 85n, 713
Stewart, Walter, 204-5, 290, 604n
Stewart, William (blacksmith), 665n
Stewart, William (Philadelphia), 204-5, 290, 324, 348
Stillman, Amos
letter from cited, 718
Stillman, Ethan
letter from cited, 718
Stockton, John, 628, 631n
Stoddert, Benjamin, 181, 237-8n, 586, 604n
Stone, David
advises on appointments, 10, 314n, 323, 341, 395, 579n
letter from, 395
Story, Elisha, 430, 431n
Story, Isaac
letter from, 430-1
receives mistaken commission, 703, 708
seeks appointment, 430-1
Story, Joseph, 708
Stras, George Frederick
letter from cited, 717
Strickland, William, 487-8n
Strode, John
invites TJ to lodge at his home, 416-17
letter from, 416-17
resides along route to Monticello, 534, 535
Strong (Seneca Indian), 31, 34, 35n, 36
Strong, Caleb, 163, 164n, 401n, 430
Strong, Joseph, 70n
Stuart, Gilbert, xlix-l
Stuart, Gilbert (historian)
Historical Dissertation Concerning the Antiquity of the English Constitution, 231
Stuart, Thomas, 608-9
Stuart (Stewart), Archibald, 128
submarines, 482, 484n
Suetonius Tranquillus, Gaius, 646n
sugar, 25-6, 133n, 479
suicide, 442n
Summary of the Law of Nations, Founded on the Treaties and Customs of the Modern Nations of Europe (Georg Friedrich von Martens), 229
Summary View of the Rights of British America, 281n
Summers, Lewis, 303
Sumter, Nathalie Delage de Volude, 411, 415n
Sumter, Thomas, Jr.
resignation of, 362, 410-16, 512-13
Sumter, Thomas, Sr.
advises on appointments, 438-9, 512, 701, 707n
letter from, 512-13
letter to, 438-9
sends political, family news to TJ, 512-13
and settlement of British debt claims, 326n
sun, 11, 107, 108n
Superior, Lake, 135-6
surveyors, 543n, 544-6, 611n, 651, 663
Süssmilch, Johann Peter, 231
Sutcliff, Robert & Co. (Sheffield, England), 675-6
Süverman, Betsy, 331-2, 536
Süverman, John Christoph, 331-2, 469-72, 536
Swabey, Maurice, 57, 58, 60n
Swan, Caleb, 120n
Sweden, 44
Sweetser, John, 189n
Swift, Charles, 538, 539n
Swift, Jonathan, 422
Switzerland, 185-6, 646n
"Sybilline Voice" (pseudonym)
criticizes military reductions, 458-9
letter from, 458-9
Symmes, John Cleves, 382-3
Systematical View of the Laws of England; As Treated of in a Course of Vinerian Lectures (Richard Wooddeson), 230
Systême de la Nature (Paul Henri Dietrich, Baron d'Holbach), 113, 114n, 183n, 198n
