Jack (TJ's slave), 443

Jack, William H., 706

Jackson, Andrew

advises on appointments, 608-9

identified, 609n

letter from, 608-9

presidential appointments by, 118n

Jackson, Daniel, 159

Jackson, David, 590n

Jackson, David (pardon seeker)

letter from cited, 477-8n, 714

seeks pardon, 477-8, 493

Jackson, James

advice on Georgia lands, 67

advises on appointments, 53n, 194n, 388

as boundary commissioner, 300-1n, 343-5

and D. B. Mitchell, 391, 392-3, 409

death of, 384n

letter from, 392-3

letters to, 391, 409

Jackson, Susanna Kemper, 589-90

Jacob, Giles

A New Law-Dictionary, 230

Jacques le fataliste et son maître (Denis Diderot), 113, 114n, 182, 183

jails

calls to reform, x, 138-40, 141-3

costs of confinement, 141-3

descriptions of, 139n, 174, 284n

plans for, 553, 694-6

Jamaica, 11, 26, 457n, 478-80

James River, 89-90

James River and Kanawha Canal, 650n

James River Company, 289

Jasper, Selden, 395

Java, 524n

Jay, John, xlviii, 60n

Jay Treaty

appointment of assessors, xlviii, 57-60, 449, 450n

commissioners appointed under, 191, 357

and debt claims, xlviii, 57-60, 136-8, 153-4, 168-9, 191-3, 218, 245-6, 349-50

and import duties, 168-9

Jeannin, Pierre

Negotiations de monsieur le President Jeannin, 229

Jefferson, George

collects payments, handles transactions for Short, 47, 79, 87, 289, 290, 291n

forwards items to T. M. Randolph, 172

forwards TJ's account, 167

handles shipments for TJ, 79, 87, 167, 172, 200-1, 244, 389, 403-4, 440-1, 459, 507, 587, 599, 664-5

handles TJ's business affairs in Richmond, 79, 200-1, 244, 299, 441, 557, 558

letters from, 47, 87, 167, 172, 244, 403-4, 587, 599, 609-10

letters to, 79, 200-1, 244, 440-1, 507, 557, 590-1, 664-5

and sale of TJ's tobacco, 244, 441, 587, 590-1, 609-10

Jefferson, Israel Gillette (b. 1800, TJ's slave), 443

Jefferson, Thomas

Agriculture

considers cotton plantation in Ga., xii, 66

creation of national board or society, 172-3, 217, 227, 339-40, 688

elected to N.Y. society, 173n, 688

encourages cultivation of olive trees, 639, 644, 646n

exchanges seeds, plants with friends, 89n, 159, 177, 179, 201, 203, 290, 480, 481

interest in potash, 194n

and Legaux's vineyard, 159

merino sheep, 332n, 674n

moldboard plow, 105n

superiority of, over commerce, 609-10

and tenants, 289-90, 472-4, 503-4

See also Poplar Forest (TJ's estate); Randolph, Thomas Mann (TJ's son-in-law); tobacco

Architecture

of jails, 695-6

of public buildings, 649

Business and Financial Affairs

arranges supply of endive, 100

buys corn, 719

buys steelyard, 541n

buys tools, hardware, 675-6

newspaper subscriptions, 64, 308, 311, 312, 343n, 654, 719-20

orders astronomical instruments, 596, 598-9

orders bacon, 507, 587

orders bottles, 167

orders carriage from Philadelphia, 332n

orders cider, xiii, 79, 87, 96, 167, 172

orders frames, 134n, 149, 361, 572-3

orders hams, 167, 244, 403, 459, 476

orders iron and steel, 597-8, 664-5

orders linen, 404

orders map, 311

orders medals, 13

orders molasses, 79, 167

orders tools, hardware, 675-6, 720

payments for Leslie's clock, 347-8, 394

pledges to curtail spending, 459, 476

seeks to buy another horse, 61

See also Barnes, John; Gibson & Jefferson; Henderson lands; Jefferson, George; Monticello; Short, William

Character and Image

advocate of civil and religious liberty, 593-4

children named after TJ, 188, 189n

criticized as modernist, 241n

friend to arts and science, 13, 234, 242n, 431, 434n, 552

friend to humanity, 89

places named after TJ, 22, 89-90

publications dedicated to, 593n

will accept no gifts while in public office, 156

Continental Congress

plan for government of western territory, 359-60

Correspondence

asked for letters of protection, 130-1

declines writing letters of introduction, 132

interrupted by French Revolution, 308-9

letters made public, 17

letters of introduction requested from, 70

makes extracts of letters, 5n

receives anonymous letters, 6-7, 27-8, 219, 236-7, 294, 354, 435-7, 458-9, 474-5, 538-9, 635-6, 684-7

servants read TJ's papers, 475

too busy to write often, 688

uses caution, disguise in writing, sending letters, 112, 272, 308, 429, 627

uses ciphers, 272

uses polygraph machine, 224n

Law

and capital punishment, 54-7, 207-9

and imprisonment for debt, 138-40

Library

books borrowed from, 68, 86, 291-2

books obtained for, xi, 5-6, 49n, 69n, 94, 113-15, 131-2, 156, 177, 182-3, 197-8, 233-4, 277n, 281n, 290, 305-6, 423-4, 435n, 721

mathematics, 131-2

sells personal library to Congress, 332n

Minister to France

and Houdon's statue of Washington, 73-4, 101-2, 153

and John Trumbull, xlvii-xlviii

meets Maria Cosway, xlvii, 485n

and Smyth, 82

Nailery

nailrod and iron stock for, 172n, 200, 244, 404, 598

Opinions

on banks and banking, 620-1

blacks inferior to whites, 506, 507n

calls himself "a prisoner of state," 132

on climate, 626

on College of William and Mary, 567

on education, 566-7

on Florida, 365

on French society, 310

of G. Washington, 519

on Georgia, 66-7

on Greek and Latin languages, 423-4

ideal qualities in a servant, 463

on Miss. Terr., 65

on Northwest Ordinance, 357-9

on social divisions in Europe, 423

superiority of agriculture over commerce, 609-10

on Washington society, 400

Patronage and Appointments

and A. McLane, 601-2

appointment of clerks, 409-10

avoids appointing Virginians, 98, 169, 285, 429

difficulty of making appointments and removals, 98-9, 107, 658

Federalists criticize, xi, 19n, 27-8, 391-3, 409-10

judiciary removals, 53n

lists of appointments and removals, 324-6, 577-9, 697-700, 701-11

and "midnight appointments," 53n, 99

militia appointments, 699

moderate approach toward, 601-2, 660

principles regarding removals, 123n

qualifications for consular appointments, 99

reduction of useless offices, 157-8, 168, 295-6

relies on friends, congressmen for advice on, 112-13, 131, 154-5, 420-1, 438-9, 465, 601-2, 668, 701

removals due to misconduct and delinquency, 648

Republicans entitled to share of offices, 53n, 409-10, 420, 438, 630

seeks to appoint men of respectable standing, 99

sends nominations to the Senate, 11n, 23-4, 44n, 52-3, 120-1, 144, 154-5, 155-6, 159-60, 177n, 181, 182n, 187, 195n, 249n, 348-9, 406

and W. Sargent's removal, 19-20

will not appoint Federalists, 10, 395n, 602, 668

Personal Affairs

buys drawing of Volney, 14n

buys watches, has watches repaired, 13, 193-4

clothing for servants, 340-1

and College of William and Mary, 241-2n

expense of outfit in Washington, 290

gives clothing in charity, 100

gives money in charity, 191, 338n, 442n, 472n, 520, 536, 719, 720

and Hawkins's piano, 223-4, 301, 587, 599, 612n, 613-14, 615

health of, 68, 310, 383n

impact of politics on friendships, 309

invites family to Washington, 67, 98, 128, 134, 175-6, 329-30, 389, 533-4, 618-19, 647

and L. Littlepage, 610, 617

and Lafayette, 366

looks forward to retirement, 309-10

and Martha Washington, 519

offered Rittenhouse clock, 193-4

offers legal advice, 654-5

orders wine, xiii, 61, 80, 90, 200-1, 244, 290, 306, 307n, 404, 441, 655, 674n

receives gifts, 50

receives model of Egyptian pyramid, 295, 297n

sends books to M. J. Eppes, 389

sends dinner invitations, 170, 313n, 314, 530, 599

sends gifts to grandchildren, 281

sends medals to family, xlvii, 134, 299

strangers ask for money, 74-5, 76, 77-8, 95, 174-5, 190-1

subscribes to dancing assemblies, 50n

tailoring, 340-1

trustee of Ariana Randolph, 146-8, 243

See also Kosciuszko, Tadeusz; President's House

Political Theories

benefits of written constitutions, 626

compares Whigs and Tories to Republicans and Federalists, 400

contributions to the U.S. Constitution, 593, 595n, 625-7

criticizes Hamilton's "impenetrable fog" around public finances, 157-8

economy in public expense, 167-8, 295-6

on entangling foreign alliances, 297, 333

freedom of the press, 168, 296, 407, 626

free men should not be governed by executive laws, 359

French character not adapted to republicanism, 295

government should be founded on reason, not fear, 296-7

independence of branches of government, 183-4

militia preferable to standing army, 626

respectable minority useful as censors, 400

return government to republican principles, 167-8, 295-6

strength of republican government, 295-6, 625-6

truth and reason can maintain themselves if defended, 407, 409

veto powers, 358

Politics

accused of bargaining for the presidency, 331n

fears divisions among Republicans, 184, 400

Federalist leaders incurable, isolated, 168, 295-6, 330, 400

need to defend Republicans in newspapers, 390, 407

opposes prosecutions for libel, 119

supports rights of aliens, vii, 168, 296

urges Republicans to stand for office, 330-1

Portraits

bust by Ceracchi, 196

considers prints of himself "miserable caracatures," 175

Houdon's plaster bust of, xlvii, 134, 175, 196, 246

by Kosciuszko, 49n, 422

on medals, xlvii, l, 13, 134, 175, 246, 299, 318 (illus.)

by Trumbull, xlvii

President

and Bank of Pennsylvania, 620-1

and British debt claims, 136-8, 153-4, 191-3, 218, 246n, 326, 349-50

calls for reconciliation and harmony, 117

and capital punishment, ix-x, 54-7, 207-9, 212-14, 283-4

capture and restoration of the Berceau, 183-5, 237-40

and courts-martial, ix, 54-7, 176-7

and Delaware River piers, 667

discharge of public debt, vii, 157-9, 168, 198, 288, 295-6, 365, 658

and District of Columbia, 72-3, 224-5, 235-6, 523, 530-1, 547-8, 553-4, 586-7, 603-4n, 611-12, 656-7, 659

election, inauguration celebrated, xlvii, 5-6

establishment of new revenue districts, 390-1, 394-5

and federal arsenals in Va., 298, 459-60

and imprisonment for debt, x, 138-40, 141-3, 145-6

and Indian affairs, vii-viii, 7-9, 23-4, 29-42, 51-2, 65, 584-5, 627-8

issues pardons, 151-2n, 196n, 478n, 493, 522n

and Lake Superior copper mines, 135-6, 150

and Library of Congress, 227-33

and Louisiana, viii-ix, 263-6, 320, 321, 333, 365, 418-19, 437, 600, 661

military reductions, reorganization, vii, xlix, 120-1, 149, 167-8, 296, 656

and militia laws, 399

and Miss. Terr., 128, 129-30n, 173-4, 319, 660-1

and postal service, 66

proposed dry dock at Washington, 682-3

and publication of laws, 437, 477

rearrangement of judiciary system, 73n, 296

and Reib's claim, 197

relations with France, viii-ix, 79-80, 295, 297, 298, 333-4, 365-7, 418-19, 437, 463-4, 661

relations with Great Britain, 60n, 136-8, 153-4, 168-9, 191-3, 218, 246n, 264-5, 326

relations with Spain, 7-9, 292-3, 464

removal of discriminating duties, 169n

repeal of internal taxes, 168, 296, 658

and Saint-Domingue, 266, 365-6, 463-4, 600, 659

salary, 439-40

and slave trade, 199-200

and St. Clair, 355, 357-61, 624n, 635-6

and Twelfth Amendment, 355

and U.S. Mint, 250n

and Washington jail, 138-40, 141-3, 146n

See also Convention of 1800; Judiciary Act (1801)

Religion

Book of Common Prayer, 277n

fast and thanksgiving days, 294

and freedom of religion, 594, 626

and Indians, 584-5, 627-8

praises teachings of Jesus, 507n

Scientific Interests

astronomy, x, 105n, 107-8, 193, 220-1, 254, 327, 329n, 596, 598-9

believes "no discovery is barren," x, 254

canals, 127n

ciphers, x, xlix, 102-7, 220, 263, 267-81, 318 (illus.), 327-9, 332-3

dry docks, 682-3

friendship with R. Patterson, 105n

mastodons, 423

mathematics, 104

megalonyx, 566n

megatherium, 566n

smallpox vaccination, 291-2, 310-11, 364-5, 442-3

too busy for philosophical speculations, 572

waterproofing, 668-9

water purification, x, 254

See also American Philosophical Society

Secretary of State

and Potomac canal, 127n

report on commerce, 163, 165n

report on fisheries, 163, 164n

Slaveholder

apprentices slave as cook, 619n

believes blacks inferior to whites, 506, 507n

hires slave labor, 341n

leases slaves to Craven, 66

and removal of condemned slaves from Va., 153, 468-9, 531-3

smallpox vaccination for slaves, 442-3

Travel

between Monticello and Washington, xiii, 79, 96, 99, 128, 134, 149, 153, 254, 327n, 329-30, 354, 366, 389, 390, 405, 417n, 418, 419n, 420, 421, 437, 438, 475, 507, 533, 618, 626, 653, 655, 660, 668

suggests routes to, from Edgehill, 384-6, 534-5

suggests routes to Georgia, 96

suggests routes to Washington, 134

tour of southern France and Italy, 1787, 185-6

Writings

Description of a Wheel Cipher, 102-7

Draft of a Resolution for the City of Washington, 235-6

"Head and Heart" letter, 485n

Itinerary from Georgetown to Edgehill, 384-6

list of debtors in Washington jail, 140n

list of newspapers, 312

List of Vaccinations, 442-3

lists of appointments and removals, 324-6, 577-9, 697-700, 701-11

Memorandum on Delaware River Piers, 667

Method of Using Robert Patterson's Cipher, 267-81

Notes on Building the Jail, x, 695-6

Notes on Charges against Arthur St. Clair, 357-61

Notes on the Establishment of New Revenue Districts, 394-5

Report on Commerce, 163, 165n

Report on Fisheries, 163, 164n

Statements of William Short's Tenements, 472-4, 503-4

Summary View of the Rights of British America, 281n

translates Volney's Ruines, 295, 297n

See also Annual Message to Congress (1801); Inaugural Address (1801); Notes on the State of Virginia

Jefferson College (Pa.), 664

Jefferys, Thomas

American Atlas, 232

Jenings, Edmund, 146-8, 243

Jenkins, Elisha, 527

identified, 540n

letter from, 539-40

recommends aspirants for office, 539-40

Jenkins, Thomas, 539n

Jenkinson, Charles

Discourse on the Conduct of the Government of Great-Britain, 230

Jenkinson, Charles, Earl of Liverpool

Collection of All the Treaties of Peace, Alliance, and Commerce, 229

Jerry (Jeremiah, slave, Norfolk), 336n

Jesus

teachings of, praised by TJ, 507n

jewelry, 14n

Jews, 510

João, Prince Regent of Portugal, 673, 675n

John Adams (U.S. frigate), 596n

Johns, Kensey, 678, 679n

Johnson, Charles

advises on appointments, 314, 323, 341, 343n

and C. Holt, 341-3

identified, 343n

letter from, 341-3

Johnson, Fort, 8n

Johnson, Samuel

Dictionary of the English Language, 232

Johnson, Samuel (gunner), 71

Johnson, William Samuel, 163, 164n

Johnston, Fort, 144, 155

Johnston & Richardson (Norfolk), 244

Jombert, Charles Antoine

Bibliothèque portative d'architecture, 114-15

Jones, Benjamin, 598n

Jones, Edward (Mass.), 707

Jones, Horatio, 31

Jones, Inigo, 64n

Jones, John C., 578, 699

Jones, Meriwether

advises on appointments, 716

considered for appointment, 705

letter from cited, 716

Jones, Robert Blackledge, 140

Jones, Walter, Jr., 618, 699, 705, 709

Jones, William (London), 446

Jones, William (Pa.)

advises on appointments, 307n, 382, 658, 659n, 705

letter from, 382

letters from cited, 70n, 576n, 714, 715

as militia officer, 6n

and W. Davidson's claim, 576n

Jones, William & Samuel

Catalogue of Optical, Mathematical, and Philosophical Instruments, 107, 108-9n

Jouett, Charles, 716

Journal of Human Nature and Human Progress, 224n

Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts, 562, 564n, 592, 593n

Journal of Sir Simonds D'Ewes; from the First Recess of the Long Parliament to the Withdrawal of King Charles from London (Sir Simonds D'Ewes), 231

Jove. See Jupiter (Roman god)

Judas trees, 483

Judd, William, 708

Judgment of Whole Kingdoms and Nations, concerning the Rights, Power, and Prerogative of Kings, and the Rights, Priviledges, and Properties of the People (John Somers), 231

Judiciary Act (1801)

opposition to repeal of, 73-4, 319, 331n, 335-6, 353n

repeal of, vii, 72-3, 73-4, 85-6, 128, 168, 296, 302, 319, 331n, 335-6, 463n

and Tenn., 609n

Judiciary Act (1802)

appointment of bankruptcy commissioners, xi, 210, 353, 381-2, 398, 430, 602, 701

and meetings of the Supreme Court, 335, 336-7n

passage of, vii, 210n, 296

See also State, U.S. Department of

Juliana (ship), 552

Jupiter (planet), 45, 446

Jupiter (Roman god), 499

Juris et judicii fecialis, sive, juris inter gentes, et quaestionum de eodem explicatio (Richard Zouch), 229

Jus Navale Rhodiorum, 230

Jus Parliamentarium (William Petyt), 231